The phytochemical study of Dorstenia arifolia Lam. (Moraceae) has led to the identification of 18 triterpenes esterified by fatty acids, five triterpenes without esterification, 12 triterpenes esterified by acetic acid, together with a known furanocoumarin: α-amyrin (1), β-amyrin (2) α-amyrin acetate (3) β-amyrin acetate (4), α-amyrin octanoate (5), β-amyrin octanoate (6), α-amyrin decanoate (7), β-amyrin decanoate (8), α-amyrin dodecanoate (9), β-amyrin dodecanoate (10), α-amyrin tetradecanoate (11), β-amyrin tetradecanoate (12), α-amyrin hexadecanoate (13), β-amyrin hexadecanoate (14), glutinol (15), glutinyl acetate (16), 11-oxo-α-amyrin (17), 11-oxo-β-amyrin (18), 11-oxo-α-amyrin acetate (19), 11-oxo-β-amyrin acetate (20) 11-oxo-α-amyrin octanoate (21) 11-oxo-β-amyrin octanoate (22), 11-oxo-α-amyrin decanoate (23), 11-oxo-β-amyrin decanoate (24) 11-oxo-α-amyrin dodecanoate (25) 11-oxo-β-amyrin dodecanoate (26), ursa-9(11),12-dien-3-yl acetate (27), oleana-9(11),12-dien-3-yl acetate (28), ursa-9(11),12-dien-3-yl decanoate (29), oleana-9(11),12-dien-3-yl decanoate (30), 12,13-epoxyolean-3-yl acetate (31), 12,13-epoxyolean-9(11)en-3-yl acetate (32), taraxeryl acetate (33), lupenyl acetate (34), lanosta-8,24-dien-3-yl acetate (35) and psoralen (36). The identification of the triterpene compounds isolated as isomeric mixtures obtained from the hexane extract was based mainly in mass spectra and 13C-NMR data. The long-chain alkanoic acid esters of the triterpenes α- and β-amyrin; 11-oxo-α- and 11-oxo-β-amyrin; ursa- and olean-9(11),12-dien-3-yl; have not been reported before in the literature as constituents of the Dorstenia genus.

-(Ericaceae from Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil). This work presents the floristic survey of Ericaceae from Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, located in the States of Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil. After fieldwork, bibliographic revision, and analysis of herbarium material, 14 species were identified in three genera: Agarista (4), Gaultheria (5), and Gaylussacia (5). Identification key, descriptions, illustrations, and comments on geographical distribution are presented.

The shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora.

Sorocea ¡ongipedicellata (Moraceae) is described and illustrated as a species new to the Atlantic rainforest domain. The new species is related to the group of Sorocea species with completely spinulose dentate leaf margins. It includes Sorocea bonplandii and S. gttilleminiana, but is distinguished mainly by elongated pedicels when fruiting. This species is known only from Bahia state, northeastern Brazil and is designated as a critically endangered species because its extent of occurrence is estimated to be less than 100 km^ in an extremely fragmented area.

Cecropia Loefl. (Urticaceae) species are popularly known in Brazil as embaúbas. This genus consists of dioecious, pioneer and medicinal trees. The leaves and inflorescences of Cecropia are part of the diet of various animals, mainly frugivorous mammals. Little is known about the chemical profile of the reproductive parts of embaúbas, the benefits of their consumption or even how the sex of the specimen influences this profile. Samples of female inflorescences of Cecropia glaziovii Snethl. and C. pachystachya Trécul and male inflorescences of C. glaziovii and C. hololeuca Miq. were collected in Rio de Janeiro city and the phenolic profiles of these samples were investigated by HPLC-DAD. Also their antioxidant potential was evaluated for free radical DPPH scavenging activity by TLC. The chemical profiles of inflorescences showed intersexual differences in terms of phenolic classes. While phenolic acids, like 5-O-caffeoylquinic (chlorogenic acid) and protocatechuic acids are present in all specimens, flavonoids, such as isoorientin and isovitexin, were identified only in male inflorescences. The DPPH scavenging activity of Cecropia crude extracts is related to the presence of caffeoylquinic acid. The consumption of antioxidants contributes to defense against diseases associated with oxidative stress, thus, the Cecropia inflorescences may be beneficial to the animals that consume them.Keywords: Cecropia Loefl.; dioecy; HPLC-DAD; flavonoids; phenolic acids; mammals; diet. ResumoAs espécies de Cecropia Loefl. (Urticaceae) são popularmente conhecidas no Brasil como embaúbas. Este gênero consiste de árvores dioicas, pioneiras e medicinais. Suas folhas e inflorescências fazem parte da dieta de diferentes animais, principalmente de mamíferos frugívoros. Pouco se sabe sobre o perfil químico das partes reprodutivas de embaúbas e os benefícios de seu consumo, nem como o sexo do espécime influencia este perfil. Amostras de inflorescências femininas de Cecropia glaziovii Snethl. e C. pachystachya Trécul, e de inflorescências masculinas de C. glaziovii e C. hololeuca Miq., coletadas na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, tiveram seu perfil fenólico investigado por CLAE-DAD e o potencial antioxidante avaliado quanto à atividade sequestradora do radical livre DPPH por meio de CCD. Os perfis químicos das inflorescências apresentaram diferenças intersexuais quanto às classes de substâncias fenólicas. Enquanto os ácidos fenólicos, como o 5-O-cafeoilquínico (ácido clorogênico) e protocatecuico, estão presentes em todos os espécimes, flavonoides, como a isoorientina e a isovitexina, foram identificados apenas nas inflorescências masculinas. A ação sequestrante de radicais DPPH dos extratos de embaúbas está relacionada com a presença do ácido cafeoilquínico. A ingestão de substâncias antioxidantes contribui para a defesa contra doenças associadas ao estresse oxidativo, portanto, o consumo de inflorescências de Cecropia pode ser vantajoso para a saúde dos animais.

A Serra da Mantiqueira é uma formação montanhosa que ocupa importante área do Sudeste brasileiro. Entre as famílias ricas em espécies na composição da flora da Mantiqueira está Moraceae, sendo que Dorstenia se destaca como o segundo gênero mais representativo em número de espécies, depois de Ficus. Neste trabalho são apresentadas descrições, observações sobre fenologia e distribuição geográfica, comentários e ilustrações das espécies nativas de Dorstenia (Moraceae). Após o levantamento bibliográfico e análise do material coletado e de herbário foi possível reconhecer 14 espécies nativas, sendo, duas novas espécies que foram descritas durante a realização deste estudo. Palavras-chave: Conservação, Diversidade, Dorstenieae, Mata Atlântica, Florística. AbstractMantiqueira Ridge is a chain of mountains that represents an important area of Brazilian southeastern. Moraceae is among the richest families on species's diversity of Mantiqueira's flora, being that Dorstenia stands out as the second genus more representative in number of species, after of Ficus. This paper presents descriptions, observations on phenology and geographic distribution, comments and illustrations of native species of Dorstenia (Moraceae). After reviewing the bibliography and analyzing the collected material and botanical collections, 14 native species were found within Mantiqueira Ridge, among them, two new species described during this study.

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Pilea carautae M. D. M. Vianna & R. J. V. Alves (Urticaceae) is described and illustrated. This new species is endemic to the Cabo Frio region in Rio de Janeiro State, Southeastern Brazil. P. carautae is considered threatened by IUCN standards due to its extremely restricted geographic area of occurrence.