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Aim To use the method of parsimony analysis of endemism to identify areas of endemism for passerine birds in the Atlantic Forest, South America, and to compare the locations of these areas with areas previously identified for birds as well as other taxa.Location The Atlantic Forest, eastern South America. MethodsWe analysed a matrix composed of the presence (1) or absence (0) of 140 endemic species in 24 quadrats of 1 × 1 degree distributed along the Atlantic Forest to find the most parsimonious area cladogram. ResultsFourteen most parsimonious cladograms were found and then summarized in a single consensus tree. Four areas of endemism were identified: Pernambuco, Central Bahia, Coastal Bahia, and Serra do Mar.Main conclusions Avian areas of endemism in the Atlantic Forest have significant generality, as they are highly nonrandom and congruent with those of other groups of organisms. A first hypothesis about the historical relationships among the four areas of avian endemism in the Atlantic Forest is delineated. There is a basal dichotomy among areas of endemism in the Atlantic Forest, with Pernambuco forming a northern cluster and Coastal Bahia, Central Bahia and Serra do Mar comprising a southern cluster. Within the southern cluster, Central Bahia and Serra do Mar are more closely related to each other than to Coastal Bahia. BIOSKETCHESJosé Maria Cardoso da Silva is an ornithologist interested in the systematics, evolution, ecology, biogeography and conservation of Neotropical birds. Marcelo Cardoso de Sousa is an ornithologist interested in the species distributions and ecology of Atlantic Forest and Caatinga birds.Carlos Henrique Madeiros Casttelleti is a biologist interested in biogeography, landscape ecology and conservation.

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ABSTRACT. We present the results of a 26-year study on the breeding biology of the Short-tailed Antthrush, Chamaeza campanisona (Lichtenstein, 1823) in an Atlantic rainforest remnant of northeastern Brazil (Alagoas/Pernambuco). We followed the fate of 38 nests, of which 19 failed, 11 succeeded and 8 had an unknown fate. The presence of most nests coincided with the beginning of the rainy season in March/April but nests with eggs and/or chicks were found throughout the year, with no records only in January. Nests were placed inside natural tree cavities that result from broken branches and trunks. Both parents were engaged in feeding the chicks, their diet consisted mainly of insects, spiders, and some unidentified berries. All nests had a clutch size of two eggs. Incubation took 19 days and the mean nestling period was 20.75 days. Mayfield (1975) showed a survival rate of 31.87% and MARK 24.09%. Hotelling's T 2 revealed no differences in nest characteristics between successful and failed nests (p-value > 0.05). Linear models showed that the size of the entrance of the cavity and its height from ground are the main nest characteristics influencing the nesting success of C. campanisona.

Abstract-The genus Callicebus comprises 28 species distributed in the Amazonia and Atlantic forest biomes. This paper describes the karyotype of C. coimbrai, a rare and threatened species and compares it with related species (C. personatus and C. nigri/rons). The karyotype was characterized by G-, C-sequential and NOR banding. C. coimbrai presented 2n=44 chromosomes, with G-banding pattern similar to that observed in C. personatus (2n=44) and C. nigri/rons (2n=42). The karyotypic divergence between C. coimbrai and C. nigri/rons is explained by a single rearrangement of centric fusion/fission. The chromosomal data obtained suggest a closer association between C. coimbrai and C. personatus than with C. nigrz/rons.

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