RESUMO -Baseados no que observamos em cinco pessoas hígidas, fazemos uma revisão das principais teorias a respeito dos sonhos e propomos uma explicação unificadora sobre a função cognitiva deles. Classificamos os sonhos considerando seu papel na inibição, estimulação ou criação de estratégias cognitivas em torno de um núcleo emocional. Estas estratégias seriam estocadas e elicitadas subliminarmente por experiências afetivas ou cognitivo-afetivas durante a vigília. Sugerimos que as mudanças de padrão, mais lógico ou mais emocional, durante o sonho baseiam-se numa oscilação de dominância frontal ou límbica durante cada período REM. Observações preliminares mostraram-nos que, durante o período de atividade eletrencefalográfica frontal mais rápida, o despertar elicita impressões de sonhos mais lógicos e menos bizarros mas, se este ocorrer durante períodos de menor ativação frontal, as lembranças elicitadas correspondem a sonhos mais bizarros e portanto cognitivãmente menos elaborados. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: sonho, neuropsicologia, eletrencefografia. Neuropsychological aspects of oneiric activity: theoretical considerations suggested by clinical aspectsABSTRACT -Based on observations in five patients, we review the main theories concerning dreams and propose a comprehensive theory on their cognitive function. We classify dreams based on the role performed by them in inhibition, stimulation or creation of cognitive strategies around an emotional nucleus. These are stored in the memory bank and retrieved by an elicitation mechanism linking affective experiences on awareness and the strategies processed in previous dreams. We also propose that the changes in logical and emotional patterns in dreams are based on fronto-limbic dominance oscillations during each REM period. Preliminary observations we made show that awakening patients during most rapid frontal EEG activity during REM sleep elicits more logical and less bizarre dreams. Contrariwise, when they are awakened during slower REM cortical EEG activity, mainly over the frontal lobes, their dreams are more bizarre and consequently less elaborated from a cognitive point of view. KEY WORDS: dream, neuropsychology, electroencephalographyOs sonhos têm sido extensamente pesquisados ao longo das últimas décadas em seus aspectos neuropsicológicos e neurofisiológicos 13 , a partir do momento em que a teoria psicanalftica do sonho como um caminho para o inconsciente e disfarce para desejos inconfessáveis 4 deixou de ter primazia neste campo.As teorias consoHdativas 1015 adyogam que o sonho seria um instrumento projetor de situações recentes que, ao serem relembradas, têm sua memorização facilitada num processo semelhante à consolidação em vigília. Recentes estudos experimentais têm provido embasamento empírico para Serviço
Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship of compulsive hoarding with dengue. Method: Fifty two adults notified by health vigilance authorities because of inappropriate trash accumulation in vacant lots in Goiânia, Central Brazil, completed a questionnaire regarding the presence and severity of hoarding behavior (Hoarding Rating Scale-Interview HRS-I). Five dimensions of hoarding are evaluated with this instrument: difficulty using spaces due to clutter, difficulty discarding possessions, excessive acquisition of objects, emotional distress and functional impairment due to hoarding behaviors. Results: The sample was primarily male, with an average age of 49 years. Eighty six percent of the sample scored 14 or greater on the HRS-I, indicating pathological hoarding. The medias of the five HRS-I domains were high, indicating severeness of all dimentions of pathological hoarding. Conclusion: These results highlight the relationship between psychiatric disorder and actions upon environmental conditions that favors dengue, as well as its associated public health burden.
The russian Alexander Romanovich Luria, commonly credited as the father of modern neuropsychology, was responsible for the greater understanding of human psychic and behavioral processes. Through studies on brain injuries, Luria tried to generate an integrative and logical theory for brain functions, in other words, to develop further technical studies on mental functions. To this end, he divides the general brain activities into three units, the first having the function of maintaining surveillance, the second being responsible for obtaining, processing, integrating and storing the information provided by the environment, and the third unit is responsible to plan, execute and direct the pattern of human behavior. Thus, the aim of this study is to review the frontal lobe (FL) neuropsychology and to associate it with the third functional unit of Luria. The references of the book "The Working Brain" were used. In the end, it was possible to conclude from Luria's conceptions that the third functional unit is responsible for the stimuli synthesis, preparation for action, program constructions, verification of the activity’s ways, generation of activation process linked to the most complex conscious actions and a speech collaboration.
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