RESUMOA otimização de espaçamentos de plantio, bem como o uso de sistemas de tutoramento de plantas, são práticas culturais que têm melhorado a eficiência produtiva de várias espécies de hortaliças. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a produção do feijão de metro conduzido em diferentes sistemas de tutoramento e espaçamentos. O experimento foi conduzido no delineamento em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial (4x3), com quatro repetições. O primeiro fator foi constituído por quatro formas de tutoramento [fitilho vertical (FV), "V" normal (VN), "V" invertido (VI) e rasteiro (R)]. O segundo fator foi constituído por três espaçamentos entre plantas (20; 40; e 60 cm) mantendo-se fixo o espaçamento entre linhas de cultivo em 1 m. Foram avaliados a precocidade de produção (ciclo de cultivo); número de vagens, massa de grãos e de vagens por planta; comprimento de vagens; número de grãos e massa de grãos por vagem; produtividade de grãos e de vagem. Também foram avaliadas as trocas gasosas, bem como o custo de implantação de cada um dos tratamentos. A densidade de 50.000 plantas/ha (espaçamento 20 cm) foi a que proporcionou a maior produtividade nos sistemas FV e VI, com 9,10 e 6,72 t/ha, além de promover maior renda líquida ao produtor, com médias de aproximadamente 23 e 15 mil reais acima do sistema R. Para as variáveis de trocas gasosas, houve redução na fotossíntese líquida com o incremento da densidade. Indica-se a utilização de maiores densidades de plantio combinadas com o uso dos sistemas de tutoramento FV e VI em detrimento ao sistema R, por gerarem maior produtividade e receita líquida ao produtor. Palavras-chave:Vigna ungiculata var. sesquipedalis, rasteiro, trocas gasosas, custo de implantação, fitilho vertical. ABSTRACT Staking system and planting spacing in the asparagus bean productionThe optimization of plantation spacing, just like the use of staking plant systems, are cultural practices that have improved production efficiency of various kinds of vegetable. The aim of this study was to compare the asparagus bean cultivation conducted in different staking and spacing systems. The experiment was conducted in the design of randomized blocks in a factorial scheme (4x3) with four replicates. The first factor was constituted by four staking types [narrow ribbon vertical (FV), "V" normal (VN), inverted "V" (VI) and creeping (R)]. The second factor was constituted of three plant spacing (20, 40, and 60 cm), keeping constant the spacing of 1 m between crop rows. The evaluated characteristics were precocity (cultivation cycle); number of pods, mass of grains and pods per plant; length of pods; number of grains and mass of grains per pod; grain and pod yield. The gas exchange as well as the cost of deploying each of the treatments were also evaluated. The density of 50,000 plants/ha (spacing of 20 cm) provided the highest productivity in the FV and VI systems, with 9.10 and 6.72 t/ha, in addition to promoting higher net income to the producer, with averages of approximately 23 and 15 thousand R$ above R system...
The effect of different containers was evaluated to produce cocona seedlings (Solanum sessiliflorum) and jurubeba (Solanum paniculatum). The experiment was performed in the mesoregion of Alto Solimões, in Benjamin Constant, Amazonas state, Brazil, in a particular production area. The seeding was done in black holed polyethylene bags and polystyrene trays with 128, 200 and 288 cells with volumes of 250.00; 32.61; 21.60 and 9.88 cm³, respectively. We adopted a completely randomized design with four containers, four replicates, being assessed five plants per replicate. The seedlings of cocona were evaluated at 27, 38, 45 and 52 days after sowing (DAS) and of jurubeba at 38, 45, 52, 59 and 66 DAS. We evaluated the number of leaves; length of the main root, the aerial and total parts of the plant, fresh and dry matter of the main root, fresh and dry matter of the aerial part. There was no difference on the number of leaves of jurubeba at 45 and 66 DAS; there was no difference on the number of leaves of cocona at 52 DAS; there occurred a greater number of leaves of cocona when seeded on trays containing 200 cells; The other characteristics for both species presented higher values when the seeding was done in the plastic bags, at all evaluation dates.
This study presents the minimum number and the best combination of tomato harvests needed to compare tomato accessions from germplasm banks. Number and weight of fruit in tomato plants are important as auxiliary traits in the evaluation of germplasm banks and should be studied simultaneously with other desirable characteristics such as pest and disease resistance, improved flavor and early production. Brazilian tomato breeding programs should consider not only the number of fruit but also fruit size because Brazilian consumers value fruit that are homogeneous, large and heavy. Our experiment was a randomized block design with three replicates of 32 tomato accessions from the Vegetable Germplasm Bank (Banco de Germoplasma de Hortaliças) at the Federal University of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil plus two control cultivars (Debora Plus and Santa Clara). Nine harvests were evaluated for four production-related traits. The results indicate that six successive harvests are sufficient to compare tomato genotypes and germplasm bank accessions. Evaluation of genotypes according to the number of fruit requires analysis from the second to the seventh harvest. Evaluation of fruit weight by genotype requires analysis from the fourth to the ninth harvest. Evaluation of both number and weight of fruit require analysis from the second to the ninth harvest.
In floriculture, more specifically in the segment of ornamental packaged plants, Adenium obesum has gained popularity. This is due to the important role it plays in the market of ornamental plants. Although its aesthetic standardization as a potted plant has not been defined yet, studies with focus on reducing its size are necessary. Thus, this paper aimed at evaluating the effects of different doses of the vegetal growth retardant paclobutrazol (PBZ) in Adenium obesum plant development and quality, in order to enable a differentiated product for the market of flowers and potted plants. The experiment was conducted in a vegetation house in randomized complete blocks with four repetitions. Six treatments were provided, that is, one single application of: 5; 10; 20; 40 and 80 mL of the active ingredient of PBZ, and the control treated with water only. For the biochemical evaluations, we verified the effect of treatments for the anthocyanin variable, with PBZ impairing the concentration of anthocyanin present in leaf tissues. The dose of 80 mL of PBZ reduced the length of aerial part in 37.29% in relation to the control. Despite the decrease observed in the plant final size, the phytotoxic effects caused by PBZ prevented its utilization in the Adenium obesum commercial production.
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