The aim of this study was to adapt the methodology of the accelerated aging and electrical conductivity tests for determination of physiological potential in crambe seeds. Six seed lots of crambe (cv. FMS Brilhante) were subjected to determination of moisture content, germination test, first count germination, emergence, and emergence speed index. For the accelerated aging test, the traditional methodology was used with water, and with a saturated potassium chloride and sodium chloride solution in three periods of exposure (24, 48, and 72 hours) at 41°C; the electrical conductivity test was performed with four pre-soaking treatments (0, 2, 4, and 8 hours) and four soaking periods (4, 8, 16, and 24 hours) at 25°C. The accelerated aging test with water for 72 hours and the electrical conductivity test with 2 hours of pre-soaking and assessment after 16 hours were effective for classification of the crambe seed lots in regard to physiological quality. Index terms:Crambe abyssinica, vigor, physiological quality. RESUMOConduziu-se esta pesquisa, com o objetivo de adequar a metodologia dos testes de envelhecimento acelerado e condutividade elétrica para determinação do potencial fisiológico em sementes de crambe. Seis lotes de sementes de crambe cultivar FMS Brilhante foram submetidos à determinação do teor de água, teste de germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, emergência, índice de velocidade de emergência. Para o teste de envelhecimento acelerado, foi utilizada a metodologia tradicional com o uso de água e com solução saturada de cloreto de potássio e cloreto de sódio em 3 períodos de exposição (24, 48 e 72 horas) a 41°C; o teste de condutividade elétrica foi realizado com quatro tratamentos de pré-embebição (0, 2, 4 e 8 horas) e quatro períodos de embebição (4, 8, 16 e 24 horas) a 25°C. O teste de envelhecimento acelerado com água por 72 horas e o teste de condutividade elétrica com 2 horas de pré-embebição e avaliação, após 16 horas, foram eficientes para a classificação dos lotes de sementes de crambe quanto à qualidade fisiológica. Termos para indexação:Crambe abyssinica, vigor, qualidade fisiológica.
The tropical forage species seed market, including signalgrass (Urochloa), is expanding. There is demand for fast, automated methods that can be implemented for quality control of the seeds produced, with the aim of evaluating physical purity. In this respect, seed morphological features obtained by processing radiographs with the Tomato Analyzer software and of red-green-blue obtained and processed on the Groundeye device were used to test differentiation of materials of the Urochloa genus. Seeds of Urochloa brizantha (A.Rich.) R.D.Webster cvv. BRS Piatã, Marandu, and Xaraés MG-5; Urochloa ruziziensis (R.Germ. & C.M.Evrard) Crins cv. Ruziziensis; and Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) R.D.Webster cv. Basilisk were evaluated. Morphological features obtained by Tomato Analyzer allowed differentiation of Urochloaseeds at an accuracy level greater than 80% for all the materials evaluated. Seed area was one of the features that allowed this differentiation. The Groundeye system also showed high efficiency in distinguishing Urochloa seeds, except for Piatã and Xaraés, which exhibited morphological similarity, and lower accuracy levels in distinguishing their seeds (<50%). Additional studies should be conducted to evaluate Urochloa seed lots from other origins to validate the use of image analysis techniques for the purpose of obtaining morphological features and to assist in determining the physical purity of the materials. INTRODUCTIONCorrect identification of species and even cultivars in the seed analysis laboratory is a time-consuming operation (Chaugule & Mali, 2016) because of the similarity among seeds of the same genus, or even as a result of the absence of specific morphological descriptors of the materials under Abbreviations: LDA, linear discriminant analysis; RGB, red-green-blue; WMIH, width at mid-height.
The endo-β-mannanase acts on the hemicellulose fraction of the endosperm cell walls, mainly mannans and galactomannans. This process weakens cell walls and allows radicle protrusion during seed germination, but may also occur during the deterioration process. Thus, the aim of this research was to determine the activity of endo-β-mannanase enzyme in dry coffee seeds and in soaked seeds, evaluating its relationship between physiological qualities. Coffee seeds obtained by different processing methods (natural, fermented and demucilated) and drying (sun, shade and dryer) were used. Seed quality was evaluated by germination and tetrazolium tests, and the endo-β-mannanase enzyme activity was determined in dry seeds and after 10 days of soaking. From the results, it was concluded that there is significant inverse relationship between the physiological quality of coffee seeds and the expression of endo-β-mannanase, and seeds with lower percentages of germination and viability of embryos have a higher activity of the enzyme. After ten days of soaking, coffee seeds had higher expression of endo-β-mannanase as compared to the dry seeds for all treatments of fruit processing and drying.
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