<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: x-small;">A despeito dos avanços tecnológicos em relação ao diagnóstico, à patogênese e ao tratamento, a meningite bacteriana ainda permanece como importante doença de distribuição mundial, cujo diagnóstico se apoia, principalmente, no exame bacteriológico. Mesmo com o avanço das técnicas moleculares, o diagnóstico microbiológico continua sendo amplamente utilizado e, portanto, merece atenção especial. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um levantamento bibliográfico sobre os principais métodos microbiológicos para o diagnóstico das meningites bacterianas e seus principais agentes causadores, visto que a identificação precisa do agente etiológico permite a correta utilização da terapia farmacológica, o que diminui significativamente os riscos de desenvolvimento de sequelas neurológicas. </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; text-indent: 36pt;">Abstract:</span></p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; vertical-align: top;"><span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;" lang="EN">Despite technological advances in the diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment, bacterial meningitis still remains an important disease of worldwide distribution in which the diagnosis relies mainly on bacteriological examination. Even with the advances in molecular techniques, microbiologic diagnosis is still widely used and therefore deserves special attention. The aim of this study was a literature review on the main microbiological methods for diagnosis of bacterial meningitis and its main agents, since the precise identification of the agent allows the correct use of drug therapy which significantly reduces the risk of developing neurological sequelae.</span></p></span></span></span>
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the physical and social factors that influence the quality of life of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on hemodialysis (HD). Study Design: Descriptive and cross-sectional. Methods: There were 149 patients with CKD routinely submitted to HD that answered a questionnaire adapted (Medical Results Survey; SF-36) about the presence of symptoms during and after the HD sessions, main diseases concomitant, and the presence of factors that influence the quality of life. Results: According to the multivariate analysis, the presence of symptoms after the HD contributes to a decrease in the quality of life (p=0.04). However, emotional well-being was positively associated with social activities (p=0.01). The daily activities and the absence of concomitant diseases are associated with good health and, therefore, a better quality of life for patients with CKD (p<0.05). Patients with chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes should be better observed, since such illnesses are always associated with renal dysfunction. Conclusion: The results of the present study demonstrate that the chronic renal patients should be inserted into social environments and should perform daily activities despite the limitations of the treatment since an active lifestyle contributes positively to their well-being and quality of life.
Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium that colonizes around 50% of world population. It is frequently associated with gastrointestinal diseases such as gastritis, peptic ulcer, and in some cases, can favour the development of gastric cancer. After the host colonization, H. pylori can cause chronic infection and disease in less than 10% of symptomatic individuals after several years. Thus, the apparent colonization of H. pylori requires a long time of establishment and the continuous stimulation of the inflammatory response to produce enough histological deterioration for disease expression [1].Several virulence factors of H. pylori have been described (i.e. cagA and vacA genes). The presence of these factors can contribute to the development of a more aggressive form of the disease, although strains not carrying these virulence factors were also recovered from stomach of infected patients. As the colonization of H. pylori can be asymptomatic for decades, most cases of the disease (i.e. peptic ulcers) occur in patients older than 40 years, and around 1% of these individuals can evolve to gastric cancer [2]. Due to its long latent period of infection, the small numbers of cases of that evolve to gastric cancer and the detection of H. pylori in the faeces of mummified humans around 3,000 years ago some authors have hypothesized that this pathogen cold be, in fact, more an ancestral commensal microorganism of humans than a true pathogen [3]. Reinforcing this hypothesis is the fact that the infection is transmitted early in life and is mainly in a family setting.
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