RESUMO -Os objetivos com este estudo foram verificar a presença de interação genótipo-ambiente e comparar modelos para o ajuste do ganho pós-desmama padronizado para 345 dias de bovinos da raça Devon, via normas de reação obtidas por regressão aleatória. Genotype by environment interaction characterization and model comparison for post weaning gain adjustment of Devon cattle via reaction normsABSTRACT -The objectives of this study were to verify the presence of the genotype by environment interaction and to compare different models to fit Devon cattle post weaning gain standardized to 345 days, via reaction norms obtained by random regression. Data from 14,973 calves collected by the beef cattle improvement program from 1980 to 2005 were used. The INTERGEN program was used for data analysis. First, a standard animal model (AM) was fitted to serve as comparison basis and to provide estimates of the environmental gradient, based on contemporary group (CG) deviations and, next, the reaction norms hierarchical models with homogeneous (RNHM) and heterogeneous (RNHMH) residual variances were run. In these last two models, fixed effects of age of dam and age of calf at yearling and random contemporary group and genetic effects (level and slope of animal's reaction norms) were included. For the RNHM estimates of residual variance, reaction norm level and slope additive genetic variances and their genetic correlation were, respectively, 272.02 ± 8.51; 340.38 ± 17.11; 0.119 ± 0.006 and 0.83 ± 0.01, while for the RNHHM were 401.96 ± 11.91; 177.86 ± 16.60; 0.076 ± 0.006 and 0.72 ± 0.02, respectively. The heritability asa well as the genetic variance increased on the environmental gradient, characterizing that there is genotype by environment interaction. Based on the Deviance Information Criterion, Bayes Factors and Pseudo Bayes Factors, the NRHM provided superior fit to the data, being the most appropriate model to consider the genotype by environmental interaction of this population.
-The objective of this study was to evaluate differences in sire genetic values obtained by a conventional animal model (AM) and by a reaction norms hierarchical model (RNHM) that considers the genotype by environment interaction. A total of 25,500 records was used collected by PROMEBO -beef cattle improvement program of the National Breeders Association "Herd Book Collares" on Devon cattle born from 1980 though 2005. Post weaning gain 345 adjusted (PWG345) was the evaluated trait and the INTERGEN program was employed for data analysis. Reaction norms of the 25 sires with larger offspring showed ranking exchanges and scale effect in the environmental gradient.Spearman rank correlations between genetic values obtained by AM and RNHM at low, medium and high environmental levels were used to assess selection decision based on the different models. These correlations ranged from 0.12 and 0.99, therefore showing substantial changes in ranking, particularly between those genetic values obtained by the RNHM at low level compared to the same RNHM at medium and high levels and to AM, when considering the top 5% bulls. The results indicated that the selection process should consider the genotype by environmental interaction to maximize genetic gain and production of this population in each specific environment.
O objetivo neste estudo foi avaliar o efeito dos fatores ambientais, do grupo de contemporâneos (GC), da data juliana do nascimento (DJN), da idade da vaca ao parto (IV) e da idade do bezerro à desmama (IT) sobre características de desempenho produtivo na fase pré-desmama de bovinos Devon criados no Rio Grande do Sul. Foram analisados o peso ao nascer (PN) e à desmama (PD) e o ganho do nascimento à desmama ajustado para 205 dias (GNDA). Foram utilizados registros de 23.369 animais, coletados pelo PROMEBO - Programa de Melhoramento de Bovinos de Carne, conduzido pela Associação Nacional de Criadores - "Herd Book Collares", nascidos entre 1980 e 2000. Destes animais, 16.593 tinham registro de PN, 22.530 tinham de PD e 22.259 de GNDA. As análises foram realizadas pelo PROC MIXED do SAS, cujo modelo considerou, além dos efeitos ambientais citados, o efeito aleatório do touro e o erro residual. A DJN foi considerada pela freqüência de nascimento dentro de classes de dez dias, em um total de 13 classes. A primeira, iniciando aos 190 dias do ano até a classe 13, dos 310 aos 320 dias. Para PN, os animais nascidos na classe 12 (out-nov) foram 3,15% mais pesados que os da classe 190 (jul), ao contrário do PD e GNDA, em que os melhores resultados foram na classe 190, respectivamente, 11,51 e 9,99% superiores aos nascidos na classe 13 (nov). O efeito da idade da vaca apresentou ponto de máxima em torno dos oito anos de idade, demonstrando tendência quadrática. O efeito da idade do bezerro apresentou tendência quadrática para GNDA e linear para PD. Esses resultados indicam que a inclusão dos efeitos ambientais no modelo de análise das características produtivas pré-desmama é necessária para que as avaliações genéticas sejam adequadamente ajustadas e, portanto, mais precisas e confiáveis.
Revista Brasileira de Zootecniabivariadas relacionando os pesos, tanto ao nascer quanto à desmama, ao ganho de peso pré-desmama. As herdabilidades e os erros-padrão obtidos das análises univariadas foram de 0,32 ± 0,03 para PN, 0,17 ± 0,01 para GNDA e de 0,12 ± 0,01 para PD. Nas análises bivariadas do PN com GNDA e do PD com GNDA, as herdabilidades obtidas foram de 0,35 e 0,17 e de 0,32 e 0,42, respectivamente. Os resultados demonstram, pelas herdabilidades médias para os pesos e ganhos de peso, que essas características podem responder de forma eficiente à seleção. As correlações genéticas, alta (0,95) entre PD e GNDA e baixa (0,15) entre PN e GNDA, demonstram que, ao selecionar pelo ganho, é possível obter uma resposta correlacionada no peso à desmama sem acarretar incremento no PN. As tendências genéticas e fenotípicas obtidas demonstram a ocorrência de progresso genético para as características de GNDA e PD, enquanto PN apresenta-se em platô, indicando, portanto, mudança favorável no desempenho pré-desmama, sem aumento no risco de problemas de parto.Palavras-chave: correlações, efeito materno, herdabilidade, pré-desmama Estimation of genetic parameters and (co) variance components for preweaning productive traits in Devon Cattle in Rio Grande do SulABSTRACT -The objective of this study was to estimate (co)variance components and genetic parameters, such as heritabilities and correlations, and genetic and phenotypic trends for birth weight (PN), weaning weight (PD) and 205 day adjusted weight gain (GNDA). A total of 23,369 records on animals, born from 1980 through 2000, collected by PROMEBO -beef cattle improvement program of Associação Nacional de Criadores Herd Book Collares, were used. Of these animals, 16,593 had record of PN, 22,530 had of PD and 22,259 of GNDA. Analyses were performed by the restricted maximum likelihood method using the MTDFREML program. Initially, a univariate analysis was used for each trait and, afterwards, bivariate models were used in analyses relating weights at birth and weaning with pre-weaning gain.Heritabilities and standard errors obtained from univariate analyses were of 0.32 ± 0.03 for PN, 0.17 ± 0.01 for GNDA and of 0,12 ± 0,01 for PD. From bivariate analyses of PN with GNDA and of PD with GNDA, heritability estimates were of 0.35 and 0.17 and of 0,32 and 0.42, respectively. Medium heritabilities for weights and weight gains indicate that these traits efficiently respond to selection. Genetic correlation estimates was high (0.95) between PD and GNDA and low (0.15) between PN and GNDA indicating that selection for weight gain make it possible to obtain a correlated response on weaning weight, without increasing birth weight. Estimated genetic and phenotypic trends demonstrated genetic progress for GNDA and PD, while PN is on plateau, thereby, indicating favorable change in pre-weaning performance, without increasing risk of calving difficulty.
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