Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of deaths globally. Machine learning studies predicting mortality rates for ischemic heart disease (IHD) at the municipal level are very limited. The goal of this paper was to create and validate a Heart Health Care Index (HHCI) to predict risk of IHD based on location and risk factors. Secondary data, geographical information system (GIS) and machine learning were used to validate the HHCI and stratify the IHD municipality risk in the state of Paraná. A positive spatial autocorrelation was found (Moran’s I = 0.6472, p-value = 0.001), showing clusters of high IHD mortality. The Support Vector Machine, which had an RMSE of 0.789 and error proportion close to one (0.867), was the best for prediction among eight machine learning algorithms after validation. In the north and northwest regions of the state, HHCI was low and mortality clusters patterns were high. By creating an HHCI through ML, we can predict IHD mortality rate at municipal level, identifying predictive characteristics that impact health conditions of these localities’ guided health management decisions for improvements for IHD within the emergency care network in the state of Paraná.

Background: No other disease has killed more than ischemic heart disease (IHD) for the past few years globally. Despite the advances in cardiology, the response time for starting treatment still leads patients to death because of the lack of healthcare coverage and access to referral centers. Objectives: To analyze the spatial disparities related to IHD mortality in the Parana state, Brazil. Methods: An ecological study using secondary data from Brazilian Health Informatics Department between 2013-2017 was performed to verify the IHD mortality. An spatial analysis was performed using the Global Moran and Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) to verify the spatial dependency of IHD mortality. Lastly, multivariate spatial regression models were also developed using Ordinary Least Squares and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) to identify socioeconomic indicators (aging, income, and illiteracy rates), exam coverage (catheterization, angioplasty, and revascularization rates), and access to health (access index to cardiologists and chemical reperfusion centers) significantly correlated with IHD mortality. The chosen model was based on p < 0.05, highest adjusted R² and lowest Akaike Information Criterion. Results: A total of 22,920 individuals died from IHD between 2013-2017. The spatial analysis confirmed a positive spatial autocorrelation global between IDH mortality rates (Moran's I: 0.633, p < 0.01). The LISA analysis identified six high-high pattern clusters composed by 66 municipalities (16.5%). GWR presented the best model (Adjusted R²: 0.72) showing that accessibility to cardiologists and chemical reperfusion centers, and revascularization and angioplasty rates differentially affect the IHD mortality rates geographically. Aging and illiteracy rate presented positive correlation with IHD mortality rate, while income ratio presented negative correlation (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Regions of vulnerability were unveiled by the spatial analysis where sociodemographic, exam coverage and accessibility to health variables impacted differently the IHD mortality rates in Paraná state, Brazil. Dutra et al: The Impact of Socioeconomic Factors, Coverage and Access to Health on Heart Ischemic Disease Mortality in a Brazilian Southern State Art. 5, page 2 of 15 Highlights • The increase in ischemic heart disease mortality rates is related to geographical disparities. • The IHD mortality is differentially associated to socioeconomic factors, exam coverage, and access to health. • Higher accessibility to chemical reperfusion centers did not necessarily improve patient outcomes in some regions of the state. • Clusters of high mortality rate are placed in regions with low amount of cardiologists, income and schooling.

Disfonia funcional psicogênica possui relação com aspectos psicológicos. O tipo de voz, a articulação e a fluência são sensíveis às oscilações psicológicas. Uma voz em ajuste de falsete paralítico, caracterizada como uma voz de pitch extremamente agudo pode ser encontrada em casos de disfonias psicogênicas. Em qualquer quadro psicogênico é essencial um diagnóstico diferencial, a fim de viabilizar um tratamento fonoaudiológico e médico adequados e efetivos. O prognóstico de uma alteração psicogênica geralmente é bom. O quadro de disfonia psicogênica é mais comum no sexo feminino. O objetivo desse estudo é apresentar a evolução terapêutica de um indivíduo com disfonia psicogênica. A.J.O., 45 anos, sexo masculino, compareceu ao Ambulatório de Avaliação e Terapia de Voz encaminhado por médico otorrinolaringologista. Trouxe a queixa vocal "pela manhã a voz está perfeita, conforme o dia passa, a voz fica fina". Realizou avaliação fonoaudiológica em 18 de abril de 2013, com laudo médico de "mobilidade reduzida de prega vocal esquerda". Tratamento com técnica de sons disparadores, com modificação direta nos sintomas e evolução rápida. Demonstrou-se satisfeito com sua qualidade vocal. Em casos de suspeita de disfonias psicogênicas de conversão, devem-se descartar alterações orgânicas, sendo essencial uma avaliação fonoaudiológica que auxilie no diagnóstico diferencial e provas terapêuticas que incentivem o paciente.

No abstract