Carbapenem-resistantImipenem and meropenem are among the drugs of choice used to treat nosocomial infections due to multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates. However, their efficacy is being increasingly compromised by the emergence of carbapenem-hydrolyzing ␤-lactamases of molecular Ambler class B (metalloenzymes) and D enzymes (oxacillinases) (1,2,3,12,17). Whereas the metalloenzymes are of IMP and VIM types, the carbapenem-hydrolyzing oxacillinases are members of three subgroups of enzymes: the OXA-23, OXA-24, and OXA-58 enzymes (2,5,9,15,16,17). Outbreaks of OXA-type carbapenemase-producing A. baumannii strains have been reported worldwide: OXA-24 in Madrid, Spain (4, 5); OXA-23 in Spain and in Curitiba, Brazil (2, 8); OXA-58 in Toulouse,

In New Caledonia, Wallis and Futuna, and French Polynesia, an active surveillance system was established to monitor pneumococcal serotype prevalence between 2000 and 2007. The most prevalent serotype was serotype 1, which belonged to the major clonal complex sequence type 306 (ST306) and was responsible for invasive pneumococcal disease outbreaks.

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Background Leptospirosis is a widespread zoonosis with global impact, particularly among vulnerable populations in resource-poor settings in tropical countries. Rodents have been considered to be the main reservoir of the disease; however, a wide variety of mammals can act as hosts as well. Here we examine the genetic diversity of Leptospira strains from biological samples of patients and animals in French Polynesia (FP) from 2011 to 2019. Methodology/Principal findings From 2011 to 2019, we have collected 444 blood samples from patients diagnosed as having leptospirosis. The limited volume of clinical material and low amount of leptospiral DNA in blood samples led us to develop a nested PCR targeting the secY locus that enabled us to amplify and sequence 244 samples (55%). In addition, 20 Leptospira strains recovered from the blood of patients from 2002 to 2011 were sequenced and fully characterized at the serogroup level and used as reference strains for the association of different phylogenetic branches with respective serogroups. The secY sequences were compared with publicly available sequences from patients and animal reservoirs in FP (n = 79). We identified rats as the main source of infection for L. borgpetersenii serogroup Ballum and L. interrogans serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae, dogs as the main source of infection for L. interrogans serogroup Australis, and farm pigs as the main source of infection for L. interrogans serogroups Pomona or Canicola. L. interrogans was associated with the most severe infections with 10 and 5 fatal cases due to serogroups Icterohaemorrhagiae and Australis, respectively. Mortality was significantly associated with older age (p-value < 0.001). Conclusions/Significance We described the population dynamics of leptospires circulating among patients in FP, including two patients who were reinfected with unrelated Leptospira genotypes, and PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES

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IntroductionOxalate nephropathy has various etiologies and remains a rare cause of renal failure. To the best of our knowledge, we report the first case of oxalate nephropathy following octreotide therapy.Case presentationWe report the case of a 78-year-old Caucasian man taking chronic octreotide treatment for acromegaly who presented with acute oxalate nephropathy after antibiotic therapy. The diagnosis was confirmed by urinary analysis and a kidney biopsy. The recovery of renal function was favorable after hydration and withdrawal of octreotide therapy.ConclusionsOxalate nephropathy should be suspected in patients at risk who present with acute kidney injury after prolonged antibiotic treatment. This diagnosis should be distinguished from immuno-allergic interstitial nephritis and requires specific care. The evolution of this condition may be favorable if the pathology is identified correctly. Octreotide therapy should be considered a risk factor for enteric oxaluria.

Outbreaks of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis infections associated with eggs occurred in French Polynesia during 2008–2013. Molecular analysis of isolates by using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat polymorphisms and multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis was performed. This subtyping made defining the epidemic strain, finding the source, and decontaminating affected poultry flocks possible.