Circulating genotypes of Leptospira in French Polynesia : An 9-year molecular epidemiology surveillance follow-up study

Grillová, Linda; Angermeier, Hilde; Lévy, Marc; Giard, Marine; Lastère, Stéphane; Picardeau, Mathieu

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0008662

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Previous studies have reported that individuals with leptospirosis were protected against reinfection by the same Leptospira serovar or by related serovars for a short period ( 25 , 26 ). However, a recent study from French Polynesia showed that individuals with a first infection might not be protected against subsequent reinfection ( 27 ). In our study, when performing a quarterly analysis, we observed that agglutinating antibodies have a short life span with titers up to 1:200 disappearing after 90 days.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biannual and Quarterly Comparison Analysis of Agglutinating Antibody Kinetics on a Subcohort of Individuals Exposed to Leptospira interrogans in Salvador, Brazil

et al. 2022

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IntroductionLeptospirosis is a zoonosis with a worldwide spread that leads to clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic infection to a life-threatening disease. The immune response is predominantly humoral mediated limited to the infecting serovar. Individuals living in an area endemic for leptospirosis are often exposed to an environment contaminated with leptospires and there is a paucity of information on naturally acquired immunity. In the present study, we evaluated the kinetics of agglutinating antibodies in individuals from an endemic area for leptospirosis in Salvador, Brazil comparing two different intersample collection times.MethodsBetween 2017–2018, we carried out a biannual prospective cohort with 2,086 individuals living in an endemic area for leptospirosis in Salvador, Brazil. To compare agglutinating antibody kinetics using microscopic agglutination test (MAT) with different collection times, a subcohort of 72 individuals with quarterly follow-up was carried out in parallel.ResultsThe results revealed that using a shorter time for intersample collection led to the detection of a higher number of infections and reinfection events. Furthermore, we observed a higher rate of titer decay indicating partial and short protection. However, there was no indication of major changes in risk factors for the disease.ConclusionsWe evaluated antibody kinetics among residents of an endemic area for leptospirosis comparing two sample collection times. The constant exposure to the contaminated environment increases the risk for leptospirosis infection with reinfection events being more common than expected. This indicates that the burden of leptospirosis might be underestimated by serological surveys, and further studies are necessary to better characterize the humoral response after infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biannual and Quarterly Comparison Analysis of Agglutinating Antibody Kinetics on a Subcohort of Individuals Exposed to Leptospira interrogans in Salvador, Brazil

et al. 2022

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“…Here, we show that secY can be used as a discriminative marker to identify CG272/ST34 isolates from other circulating strains. Leptospira genotyping directly on biological samples should allow the epidemiological follow-up of circulating strains as previously shown in leptospirosis patients in French Polynesia [ 70 ]. Large-scale epidemiological studies in Laos and neighboring countries should better identify the prevalence over time and the geographic spread of CG272/ST34 isolates in both patients and potential reservoir hosts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity of Leptospira isolates in Lao PDR and genome analysis of an outbreak strain

et al. 2021

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Background Although Southeast Asia is one of the most leptospirosis afflicted regions, little is known about the diversity and molecular epidemiology of the causative agents of this widespread and emerging zoonotic disease. Methodology/Principal findings We used whole genome sequencing to examine genetic variation in 75 Leptospira strains isolated from patients in the Lao PDR (Laos) between 2006 and 2017. Eleven serogroups from 4 Leptospira species and 43 cgMLST-defined clonal groups (CGs) were identified. The most prevalent CG was CG272 (n = 18, 26.8%), composed of L. interrogans serogroup Autumnalis isolates. This genotype was recovered throughout the 12-year period and was associated with deaths, and with a large outbreak in neighbouring Thailand. Genome analysis reveals that the CG272 strains form a highly clonal group of strains that have, for yet unknown reasons, recently spread in Laos and Thailand. Additionally, accessory genes clearly discriminate CG272 strains from the other Leptospira strains. Conclusions/Significance The present study reveals a high diversity of Leptospira genotypes in Laos, thus extending our current knowledge of the pan- and core-genomes of these life-threatening pathogens. Our results demonstrate that the CG272 strains belong to a unique clonal group, which probably evolved through clonal expansion following niche adaptation. Additional epidemiological studies are required to better evaluate the spread of this genotype in Southeast Asia. To further investigate the key factors driving the virulence and spread of these pathogens, more intense genomic surveillance is needed, combining detailed clinical and epidemiological data.

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“…Leptospira can also be serologically classified into serogroups and serovars, and serotyping based on the heterogeneity of the surface lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has led to the identification of 25 serogroups and over 300 serovars [11,[13][14][15][16]. Certain serovars are more commonly associated with particular hosts, for example Leptospira interrogans serovar Hardjo is frequently associated with cattle, and Leptospira interrogans serovar Canicola with dogs [16,17]. However, these associations are not absolute, and there is considerable heterogeneity in the dominant serovars in both animals and humans each country, even in remote islands [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the duration of antibody positivity and likely time of Leptospira infection using data from a cross-sectional serological study in Fiji

et al. 2022

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Background Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease prevalent throughout the world, but with particularly high burden in Oceania (including the Pacific Island Countries and Territories). Leptospirosis is endemic in Fiji, with outbreaks often occurring following heavy rainfall and flooding. As a result of non-specific clinical manifestation and diagnostic challenges, cases are often misdiagnosed or under-ascertained. Furthermore, little is known about the duration of persistence of antibodies to leptospirosis, which has important clinical and epidemiological implications. Methodology and principal findings Using the results from a serosurvey conducted in Fiji in 2013, we fitted serocatalytic models to estimate the duration of antibody positivity and the force of infection (FOI, the rate at which susceptible individuals acquire infection or seroconversion), whilst accounting for seroreversion. Additionally, we estimated the most likely timing of infection. Using the reverse catalytic model, we estimated the duration of antibody persistence to be 8.33 years (4.76–12.50; assuming constant FOI) and 7.25 years (3.36–11.36; assuming time-varying FOI), which is longer than previous estimates. Using population age-structured seroprevalence data alone, we were not able to distinguish between these two models. However, by bringing in additional longitudinal data on antibody kinetics we were able to estimate the most likely time of infection, lending support to the time-varying FOI model. We found that most individuals who were antibody-positive in the 2013 serosurvey were likely to have been infected within the previous two years, and this finding is consistent with surveillance data showing high numbers of cases reported in 2012 and 2013. Conclusions This is the first study to use serocatalytic models to estimate the FOI and seroreversion rate for Leptospira infection. As well as providing an estimate for the duration of antibody positivity, we also present a novel method to estimate the most likely time of infection from seroprevalence data. These approaches can allow for richer, longitudinal information to be inferred from cross-sectional studies, and could be applied to other endemic diseases where antibody waning occurs.

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Circulating genotypes of Leptospira in French Polynesia : An 9-year molecular epidemiology surveillance follow-up study

Cited by 16 publications

References 32 publications

Biannual and Quarterly Comparison Analysis of Agglutinating Antibody Kinetics on a Subcohort of Individuals Exposed to Leptospira interrogans in Salvador, Brazil

Biannual and Quarterly Comparison Analysis of Agglutinating Antibody Kinetics on a Subcohort of Individuals Exposed to Leptospira interrogans in Salvador, Brazil

Genetic diversity of Leptospira isolates in Lao PDR and genome analysis of an outbreak strain

Estimating the duration of antibody positivity and likely time of Leptospira infection using data from a cross-sectional serological study in Fiji

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