Potato production in the Russian Federation and in many countries of the world is important. In the public sector, potatoes are cultivated on farms, personal and subsidiary plots. In connection with the transition to market relations, the area for planting potatoes has sharply decreased, and as a result, the production of potato harvesting equipment. Therefore, an acute question arose of the further creation and production of the simplest potato harvesting equipment and the improvement of their new working bodies. Pre-harvest removal chopping tops occupies an important place in the technology of potato cultivation. During operation, it was noted that rotary machines have a number of disadvantages caused by the imperfection of the rotor design, its kinematic modes, insufficient balance and reliability. In order to eliminate these shortcomings, a rotary topper with a vertical axis of rotation was designed and manufactured. To justify the design and operational parameters, theoretical studies of the process of interaction of the working element of the chopper with the tops of root crops were carried out, as a result of which the main patterns characterizing the working element were identified. In particular, dependence was obtained that allows to determine the cross-sectional diameter of the working element, which takes into account both the design parameters of the developed grinder and the properties of the tops. After calculating the obtained dependence, it was determined that for the operation of the unit with a minimum energy consumption, the diameter of the working element should be 6 mm. Such a working element cuts the tops in compliance with all agricultural requirements. Field experiments conducted later confirmed the obtained value, which indicates the reliability of the results.
The article discusses the features of the process of interaction of the blades of the teeth of the disk working body with the cultivated soil. If we take into account the fact that the parameters of the intensity of the impact exerted on the soil by the toothed working body will depend on the speed of movement, it will be possible to determine the values of the speed of an arbitrary point of the blade of the teeth. As a result of mathematical transformations and the application of the method of differentiation of the equation of their displacement, a formula was obtained for calculating the cutting speed for an arbitrary point of the blade of the teeth of a disk working body. Also, the acceleration of the points under consideration is determined and the dependences obtained as a result of theoretical studies are analyzed. The dependences demonstrate that the parameters of the impact speed and the trajectory of the blade movement directly depend on the shape of the cutting edge. They are also influenced by the angle of attack, the value of the inclination in relation to the vertical, as well as the speed of the planter movement. After analyzing the results obtained, it can be concluded that there is a noticeable decrease in the throwing of the upper soil layer to the side and the removal of the lower layer to the open surface of the field when exposed to a disk working body with teeth around the perimeter.
The article presents the theoretical results of the performance indicators of the defoliator. They depend on the parameters and modes of the defoliator operation. It operates on the basis of the description of the justification, which is provided in the work. The combined defoliator is aimed at removing potato tops with working bodies. They are multiple in number and they combine the consistency of their rotation including their vertical axis. Moreover, with the horizontal axis they are in the zone of their interaction without touching each other.
This research is devoted to the application of non-destructive testing methods for detecting defects of the internal structure of the material in steel pipelines. Despite the use of modern approaches to the design and manufacture of pipelines, which make it possible to lay a significant margin of safety in the created system, the task of developing new approaches to measuring the technical and operational characteristics and parameters of steel parts using software and hardware complexes for non-destructive testing does not lose its relevance. The paper presents the results of the development of defect detection system aimed at detecting damage of the structure of the material with a diameter of 0.2 mm and located at a depth of up to 2 mm. The proposed system is based on the physical principles of the influence of the existing defect on the value of the transformer voltage, which is induced in the measurement circuit of the sensor built on eddy current effects. The focus of the research is the relationship between the linear dimensions of the defect, its location and the generated voltage indications of the developed sensor. Also, within the framework of the study, the results of processing and analysis of the data collected by the defect detection system are presented, the result of which was the determination of the parameters of the detected defects.
The article presents the results of studies in the field of kinematics of the interaction of the elements of a rational working body along the ridge of potato soil to substantiate its parameters. Caring for potato plants is especially important in the initial (pre-emergence) period of the growing season, since at this time the formation of the future crop and the need or failure of subsequent mechanical and chemical treatments occur. Existing passive tools do not provide high-quality destruction of weeds, reactive-active ones do not sufficiently process the tops of the ridge, and milling (active) tools lead to excessive soil dispersion, have a complex drive, high energy and metal consumption. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the geometric scheme and parameters of a rotary harrow for weed destruction during pre-emergence processing of potato comb planting. According to the results of theoretical and field research and parameters of a rotary harrow that fits the profile of the ridge and rolls over the surface of the ridge, which can completely comb and drag weeds along the ridge, destroy the connection of their root neck with the soil, as well as dump them on top of the soil in a certain mode of operation. Namely, the points of the outer rim of the harrow along the row spacing with radius R will describe an ordinary cycloid, and have a kinematic operating mode indicator λ = 1, and all points lying inside the circle of the harrow rim with a small radius r i , a shortened cycloid and have a kinematic operating mode indicator λ < 1 (points of scrapers-slats).
The article is devoted to the study of the process of interaction of the rotary ripper’s working bodies with the soil. The classification of rotary machines and implements according to the energy transmitted to the working body and the location of the rotation axis is outlined. The article notes that the main characteristics of the rotor work body motion are the trajectory type, the magnitude and direction of velocity of its most characteristic point, and in some cases, the magnitude and direction of acceleration. The article presents the results of theoretical research in the field of kinematics of interaction of rotary working tools with the soil. The design of the rotary ripper is presented and the description of the trajectory of its working bodies is made, the value of movement of the scraper plate in the contact area with the soil is established. We analyzed the segment of the path from the beginning of contact with the soil (the beginning of dragging the surface layer of soil) and the end of contact (the end of dragging the surface layer of soil), on the line of which weed combing, loosening and destruction of soil crust occurs.
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