Tuberculosis is a serious disease of humans and animals, caused by bacteria of the Mycobacterium genus. This leads to complications in the life of the sick person, and subsequently to death. The cattle, who have been diagnosed with this bacterium, are usually sent to the slaughter, with the result that their livestock is reduced. Mycobacteriosis is also a disease, after determining which cattle are most often sent to slaughter. Such a reduction in livestock numbers has a negative effect on the economy. Of the 300 samples from the animals, 25 cultures of atypical bacteria responding to tuberculin were isolated. A series of tests – intravenous tuberculin test, ophthalmic test, palpebral test, “ZhAT” test, showed that most of the tuberculosis changes in cattle were found in regional lymph nodes more often than in internal organs. In healthy for tuberculosis cows, at the age of 4–9 years, seasonal nonspecific sensitivity to tuberculin is observed. Implementation of the developed express method of glutaraldehyde test on farms in healthy tuberculosis will speed up the diagnosis of tuberculosis and mycobacteriosis in animals that reacted to tuberculin and will exclude short-term nonspecific sensitization of their organism to tuberculin. The introduction of this methodology can be used to diagnose and clearly differentiate the diagnoses of “tuberculosis” and “mycobacteriosis” in cattle. This will cure part of the livestock and reduce the amount of slaughter.
Objective: This article analyzes the efficiency of live vaccines obtained from the strains of Brucella abortus 82 and 75/79-AV and RB-51 in some regions of Kazakhstan in 2012-2014 and recommends optimal scheme of their use. Methods: There were analyzed the effectiveness of the use of live vaccines (manufactured in Russia) obtained from strains of B. abortus 19, 82 and 75/79-AV in combination with post-vaccination diagnostics of brucellosis in cattle in the farmsteads owned by Vostok-moloko Corporation in Eastern Kazakhstan in the period of 2012-2015. Results: The results of these tests prove that studies of animals 1 month after the vaccination have helped to further identify the animals with hidden form of brucellosis provoked by R-vaccine, which explains the favorable outcome of the research. Conclusion: The above-described scheme of anti-brucellosis activities ensures effective control of the epizootic process of brucellosis by establishing “permanent” (continuous) immunity and permanent control of epizooty in brucellosis threatened/unsafe herds.
This article has described the results of studies conducted on pre-culture samples in a modified environment Shkolnikova Dorozhkova at 37˚C during 24-48 hours. It was stated that this method helps grow Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which, when sown on the medium give rise visible colonies on the 5th-7th day. These data confirm the possibility to accelerate the growth of mycobacteria and shorten the terms of diagnosing tuberculosis by 3 or 4 times thanks to pre-culturing of the diagnostic material in the experimental medium. The original conception of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis development step-by-step was elaborated which was based on changeability of mycobacteria and prominent character of their development from division of the bacterial cells to the development of the maturated cells and further biological transformation under conditions of the surrounding factors. This conception gave the explanation of the integrated picture of the biological changeability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It was stated that the cocci-like, flask-like, grain-like, virus-like, filtrating forms, L-forms and other agent forms are the stages of the biological development of tuberculosis mycobateria which are not always identified by the routine methods of microbiological diagnostics implemented in the veterinary practice. Thus, the use of the developed method of diagnostics of tuberculosis in animals together with agglutination test, ELISA and PCR allow shortening the terms of primary diagnosis of tuberculosis in animals by bacteriological method by 5-7 days.
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