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In the current study, the role of cotton leaf worm haemocytes and esterases in detoxification were recorded. The haemolymph was collected from the 6 th instar larvae which treated with LC 25 , LC 50 , LC 70 of three newly compounds extracted from wastes from natural origin, Cyano acetyl urea (CAU), Benzimidazolyl acetyl urea (BAU) from urea and Cyano acetyl urea (CAH) from rice straw as 4 th instar larvae. The mean of total haemocytes counts in haemolymph of untreated 6 th larval instar was 9430±35.78 cells/mm 3 . Data indicated an increase in the total haemocytes of treated ones with CAU, at LC 25 and LC 50 , BAU at LC 25 and CAH at LC 25, LC 50 of CAH the percentages of change were: 19.01, 14.31, 1.90, 21.00 and 14.55, respectively. In addition, the percentages of oenocytoid counts were increased in all concentrations for all compounds except for CAH (at LC 70 ) as it did not change comparing control count. On contrast, data cleared reductions in granulocytes in all concentrations for all compounds except for BAU at LC50 as they increased slightly (15.12%). On the other hand, the results were showed great differences in number of zones of esterase activity and in substrate specificity between treated and untreated samples. For instance, in the case of α -naphthyl acetate, 36 esterase bands were detected in control and treated larval samples with Rf ranging between 0.01 to 0.28. While, in the case of  -naphthyl acetate, 39 esterase bands were detected in control and treated larval samples with Rf ranging between 0.01 to 0.92.

Background: Forensic entomology is an increasing area of research, focuses on the violent crime, and deals with the necrophagous-feeding insects that typically decompose carcasses. The present study aimed to update the baseline data of the decay process and its associated successive waves of necrophagous flies on rabbits placed in an urban city (Cairo, Egypt) in spring season. Results: Six rabbits divided equally into two groups were used. The first group was killed by asphyxia via hanging and marked as the control (C), while the second group was intoxicated with rodenticide warfarin (WI). The fresh, bloated, active decay, advanced decay, and skeletal stages of decomposition were observed and defined in all carcasses. Out of 30 insect families collected, 3 families were more common (Calliphoridae, Muscidae, and Sarcophagidae). Thirteen insect families were collected of which Calliphoridae, Muscidae, and Sarcophagidae were common. A total of 10,121 individuals (immature and adult stages) of 26 species were collected, of which Chrysomya rufifacies was the most common species on both types of carcasses (14.7%) followed by Musca domestica, Chrysomya megacephala, Chrysomya albiceps, Muscina stabulans, Sarcophaga hertipes, Calliphora vicina, Musca sorbens, Lucilia cuprina, Sarcophaga argyrostoma, and Lucilia sericata (2.0-12.4%). The other 15 species were represented by small numbers (cumulatively 2.9%). Among the collected flies, Scathophaga litorea (Scathophagidae) was reported for the first time as a new report in Egypt. Unexpectedly, significantly more adults and immatures were attracted to WI than to C carcasses (P < 0.05). Conclusion: This study investigated the rabbit carrion dipteran necrophagous fauna as a model which may be of value for medico-legal cases.

Survey of the insect pests and their natural enemies associated with faba bean was conducted at El-Kharga Oasis, New Valley Governorate (Egypt) during the months of mid-October to April of 2015 and 2017. In total 15614 insects belonging to 7 orders and 16 families were collected and identified. The most abundant orders were Hymenoptera (7 families) and followed by Hemiptera (3 families). The most common pest species were cowpea aphid, Aphis carccivora Koch, leafhoppers, Empoasca sp., and black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Huf.) Beneficial insects collected included several predatory families (Coccinelidae, Chrysopidae and Sphecidae) but only low numbers of parasitoids (Pteromalidae) and pollinators (Apidae and Halictidae). The results of this study represent an important baseline data for the design and implementation of strategies for faba bean protection in Egypt.