SUMMARY Objective To investigate whether patients with conductive hearing loss (CHL) and normal preoperative investigations may benefit from exploratory tympanotomy (ET) and tailored treatment performed according to intraoperative findings. Methods Patients treated with ET for CHL with normal pre-operative otoscopy, tympanometry and CT scan from 2011 to 2019 were reviewed. Data regarding demographics, audiometry, intraoperative findings and surgery were collected and analysed to assess if they can predict post-operative air bone gap (ABG) closure and patient satisfaction. Results Forty-eight cases were included. Mean ABG significantly reduced (p < 0.001) from preoperative (38.4 dB) to postoperative (14.8 dB). Post-operative ABG closure within 10 dB was observed in 20 cases (41.7%). Overall satisfaction was reported in 60% of cases. Stapes fixation was the most common diagnosis (47.9%) and significantly associated with lower post-operative ABG and higher satisfaction. Conclusions In CHL with normal pre-operative investigations, ET represents the mainstay of treatment, even if audiological outcomes may widely vary. Intraoperative finding of stapes fixation (thus stapedotomy) ensures the best audiological and satisfaction outcomes.
ObjectiveThe current study systematically reviewed the literature to compare auditory outcomes of patients treated for labyrinthine fistula (LF) based on characteristics of disease and surgical management.Databases ReviewedPubMed, Scopus, Web of Science.MethodsOriginal series (at least five cases) published from 2000 reporting management and hearing results of LF secondary to cholesteatoma were included. Proportion and odds-ratio (OR) meta-analyses were conducted through inverse variance random-effects models based on logit transformation.ResultsThe prevalence of LF is estimated to be 7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5–9%). Fistulae involving the lateral semicircular canal (90%; 95% CI, 87–93%) and larger than 2 mm (53%; 95% CI, 43–64%) were common, whereas membranous involvement was less frequent (20%; 95% CI, 12–30%). Complete removal of the cholesteatoma matrix overlying the LF was mostly applied. Bone conduction (BC) preservation was frequently achieved (81%; 95% CI, 76–85%); new-onset postoperative anacusis was rarely reported (5%; 95% CI, 4–8%). A higher chance of BC preservation was associated with sparing the perilymphatic space (OR, 4.67; 95% CI, 1.26–17.37) or membranous labyrinth (OR, 4.56; 95% CI, 2.33–8.93), exclusive lateral semicircular canal involvement (OR, 3.52; 95% CI, 1.32–9.38), smaller size (<2 mm; OR, 3.03; 95% CI, 1.24–7.40), and intravenous steroid infusion (OR, 7.87; 95% CI, 2.34–26.42).ConclusionLF occurs in a significant proportion of patients with cholesteatoma. In the past two decades, complete removal of the cholesteatoma matrix followed by immediate sealing has been favored, supported by the high proportion of BC preservation. Hearing preservation depends primarily on characteristics of the LF, and specific surgical strategies should be pursued. Intraoperative and postoperative intravenous steroid infusion is recommended.
SUMMARY Objectives Head and neck adenosquamous cell carcinoma (HN-ASCC) is a rare, aggressive neoplasm, with limited data reported in the literature. The aim of this study was to assess tumour behaviour and prognostic factors impacting overall survival (OS) in a retrospective, single institution series. Methods A retrospective study on patients affected by HN-ASCC who were treated surgically between 2002 and 2019 at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery of the University of Brescia was conducted. Demographics, clinical data, OS, and relative prognostic factors were analysed. Results The study included 32 patients, with a median age of 66 years, mostly males (84.4%) and untreated (68.8%). Adjuvant treatments followed surgery in 28.1% of patients. Compared to conventional SCC, ASCC showed a higher proportion of cases arising in the larynx (40.6%); no difference was found in other features. Advanced (pT3-4) local stage at presentation (p = 0.023), perineural invasion (PNI, p = 0.01), and positive margins (p = 0.007) were independent negative prognostic factors for OS. Conclusions HN-ASCC is a rare, aggressive cancer, most frequently arising in the larynx of elderly males, usually diagnosed in an advanced local stage. OS is generally poor, affected by local advanced stage, PNI, and positive resection margins.
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