These results suggest that incorporating fish into the diets of nursing mother during lactation, in the form of 100 g of sardines two or three times a week, contributes to an increase in omega-3 series fatty acids.
OBJECTIVE: The study was designed to evaluate the impact of a multidisciplinary program on children and adolescents' weight control. DESIGN: Retrospective study regarding changes in relative weight of all patients treated regularly in an out-patient care public service between January 1992 and December 1993. SUBJECTS: 198 children and adolescents (108 girls and 90 boys; mean age: 9.25 y; mean body mass index (BMI): 24.26 kg/m 2 , range 19.1 ± 40.31). MEASUREMENTS: Anthropometric data collected at the visits were obtained until June 30 1994. BMI compared to reference data was used. Dual Photon X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) was used for 64 patients, to determine percent body fat. RESULTS: Relative weight at the last visit was signi®cantly lower when compared with initial relative weight for the whole sample. Signi®cantly better outcome of relative weight was obtained when six or more visits occurred for the whole sample, and for girls when the days' interval between visits was shorter than 52 d. Variables such as percent body fat, body shape at the ®rst visit, family obesity pattern, length of obesity and pubertal stage, did not signi®cantly in¯uence the outcome of relative weight for the subjects during the treatment. CONCLUSION: Results obtained indicated that good outcomes can be obtained in a program using nutrition education focused on small modi®cations of eating habits in order to avoid excess energy intake. The best predictors of weight improvement for children and adolescents participating in the program were the higher frequency of visits and shorter intervals between them.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate what effect the ingestion of sardines, rich in omega-3 series polyunsaturated fatty acids, has on the composition of breastmilk.Methods: This was a prospective study of 31 nursing mothers under observation at the Hospital Guilherme Álvaro. Each was given 2 kg of fresh sardines twice with a 15-day interval. Milk was sampled and a 24-hour dietary recall questionnaire was applied on days 0, 15 and 30. Milk was assayed for fatty acid content by gas chromatography. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using nonparametric tests with significance set at p < 0.05.
Results:The results demonstrate that the nutritional intake of the nursing mothers was adequate at all three sample points. With regard to the omega-3 series fatty acid content of the breastmilk, it was observed that regular consumption and shorter intervals between ingestion and milk collection resulted in higher concentrations of docosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid at 15 and 30 days into the study. Fatty acids from the omega-3 and omega-6 series exhibited a significant correlation, r 2 was 0.58 and 0.59 at 15 and 30 days, respectively.
Conclusion:These results suggest that incorporating fish into the diets of nursing mother during lactation, in the form of 100 g of sardines two or three times a week, contributes to an increase in omega-3 series fatty acids.J Pediatr (Rio J). 2006;82(1):63-9: Breastmilk, human milk, polyunsaturated fatty acids, fish intake, fish consumption, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), omega-3 fatty acids, lactation, breastfeeding.
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