Meniere Disease (MD) is an idiopathic inner ear disease with complex etiology and pathogenesis, which is still unclear. With the development in gene analysis technology, the genetic research of MD has attracted extensive attention, resulting in a large number of studies on the research of the relationship between human genes and MD. This paper aims to review the studies on this topic in recent years. The studies mainly focused on the genetics of familial MD and the correlation between MD and potentially related functional genes. The results of these studies have demonstrated the complexity and diversity of the pathogenesis of MD with both genetic and epigenetic alterations, suggesting that MD might be related to inflammation, immunity, aqua and ion balance in the lymphatic fluid, virus infection, metabolism, and abnormal function of nerve conduction. The finding of rare mutations in TECTA, MYO7A and OTOG genes and other genes such as CDH23, PCDH15 and ADGRV1 in the same families suggest that the integrity of the stereocilia and their interaction with the tectorial and otolithic membranes could be involved in the pathophysiology of familial MD.
Background: Parotid gland tumors are rare with complex histopathology and no early clinical symptoms. There are no reports of epidemiological and pathological features of parotid gland tumors in the Anhui province of China. We aimed to retrospectively analyze the distribution and histopathological characteristics of parotid gland tumors in the Anhui province.
Methods: We analyzed clinical data of 758 patients with parotid gland tumors who were admitted to three hospital centers between January 2018 and January 2022.
Results: The most frequent neoplasms were pleomorphic adenoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma. There were 641 patients with benign tumors and 117 with malignant tumors. The most common benign tumors were pleomorphic adenoma, and the most frequent malignant tumor was mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Warthin tumor was the second most common benign tumor. In Hefei, squamous cell carcinoma was the second most common malignant tumor, which is inconsistent with other literature.
Conclusions: The distribution and frequency of most parotid gland neoplasms in the Anhui province were similar to those described worldwide. The historically significant male predilection of the Warthin tumor was confirmed. Future multicenter studies can serve as an epidemiological baseline to better characterize these tumors.
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