Sound health is considered a basic need of every individual. It allows a person to enjoy routine activities. Objective: To examine the impact of moderate intensity exercise on aerobic fitness. Methods: Participants of the study were voluntarily selected from the department of sports science and Physical Education, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KPK, Pakistan. In addition, the participants of the study were categorized as; control group (CG =20) and experimental groups (EG-20). A self-made exercise protocol of twelve weeks was applied on the selected subjects and thus for the assessment of aerobic fitness, Harvard Step Test, developed by Brouha et al., (1943) was used. The collected data were tabulated and were analyzed by using appropriate statistical tools i.e. Percentage, Means, Standard Deviation, Paired Sample t-Test and ANOVA. Results: The study found significant difference were found between pre & post cardiovascular fitness of male subject i.e. t (9) = -21.433, sig. = .000 < a= .05. Similarly, significant difference was found between pre & post cardiovascular fitness of female subject i.e. t (9) = -25.249, sig = .000 < a= .05. According to the results of this research study, it may be recommended that the Physical education and exercise must be a necessary subject for all college, school and university level students or the student is necessary to take the subject of physical education and exercise for each year so that their cardiovascular fitness is maintained. Conclusions: The study concluded that moderate intensity exercise has significant impact on aerobic fitness of respondents.
This study analyses the constraints that impede micro-scale, small-scale, and medium-scale enterprises (MSMEs) from accessing banks’ finances in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province, Pakistan. In this regard, a survey questionnaire was administered where 410 MSMEs were randomly selected for data collection from the manufacturing, retailing, services, and wholesaling sectors in districts Bannu and Peshawar. After the data screening, we conducted correlations and multiple regression analyses on the final valid data. Our results indicate that low business production, firms’ size, and gender discrimination of MSMEs’ entrepreneurs were the main barriers that restrict MSMEs to access banks’ finances. The findings have newer implications for government, concerned banks, and the MSMEs to make effective plans to properly address the obstacles that impede the MSMEs’ access to banks’ finances in KP.
Blood urea, reactive oxygen species, and antioxidants are interconnected biochemical parameters. In case of any adverse effects of any agents, it directly affects the body's physiological activities. Objective: To examine blood urea, the state of reactive oxygen species and antioxidants associated with oral contraceptive pills (OCP) among female athletes. Methods: Participants of the study were randomly selected as participants of the study. The users of OCP were placed in the Experimental Group (EG), and the nonuser of OCP was put in (CG). Each group was comprised of twenty-five subjects. 5 ml blood was collected from all the subjects. Each subject was marked with a different identification code. The blood urea level was measured through the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) test. The balancing state of reactive oxygen species and antioxidants was measured through FRAP Assay. Results collected through both BUN and FRAP were calculated through the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS, version 26). Results: The mean and standard deviation of EG in term of blood urea was 29.23 ±7.89; df was 82, t-score was -.822, P- value was .413. A significant difference in term of FRAP between CG and EG was found, such as the mean and SD of CG were 137.95±.20.87, means and SD of EG was 110.54±.39.22, the t score was 3.23, and the P value was .002. Conclusions: Results show that OCP significantly impacts blood urea and causes an imbalance in both reactive oxygen species and antioxidants among users.
Fulfilling the international considerations of environment, societal, and governance challenges, the financial industry, especially banks, has initiated “Go Green” practices to help sustain the environment and enhance “banking” across the globe. Amidst the green and climate-friendly drives, there is scarce literature highlighting the banks’ green practices, environmental awareness, and their effects on bank reputation, especially the reputation of Islamic banks. This study aims to investigate the green banking practices of Islamic banks in a developing Islamic country. Focusing on the greening ambitions of banks, this study argues that the reputation of Islamic banks can be better enhanced through adopting green banking initiatives that will beget better climatic outcomes in Muslim societies. Therefore, the study illumes green banking practices and their impact on the reputation of Islamic banks in Pakistan. Moreover, this study checks the moderation effect of employees’ environmental awareness on banks' reputation. The study used deductive rationale and quantified the employees' data to unravel their go-green perceptions and bank green activities. In this regard, the 390 response data, collected through a survey from the employees of Islamic banks, were analyzed through Smart-PLS, using structural equation modeling technique. The study finds that banks’ employees-related practices (ERPs), daily operations-related practices (DORPs), customers-related practices (CRPs), and banks’ policy-related practices (PRPs) have a significant positive influence on bank reputation. The authors also find that there is a significant moderating impact of environmental awareness between the relationships of ERPs, DORPs, CRPs, PRPs, and bank reputation. The study might increase understating and enlighten regulators and bank management to sustainably transform their operations to green banking practices, particularly adding to the environmental sustainability in Pakistan.
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