ResumoO presente estudo aplica a metodologia de Constant-Market-Share para analisar o desempenho exportador do Brasil, China, Estados Unidos, Alemanha, Rússia, Coreia do Sul e Japão, entre 2000 e 2011. Após decompor a variação das exportações foi possível constatar que o efeito-competitividade parece ser influenciado pelo padrão de especialização das economias.
Palavras-chave:Competitividade; Desempenho exportador; Análise Constant-Market-Share; Brasil; Desenvolvimento.
AbstractInternational commerce and competiveness in Brazil: a comparative study using the Constant-MarketShare methodology for the period 2000-2011 This paper evaluates the export performance of Brazil, China, United States, Germany, Russia, South Korea, and Japan, between 2000 and 2011, based on the recent literature on international competitiveness. By applying the Constant-Market-Share model, it was possible to quantify the contribution of product composition, market distribution and competitiveness on the growth in exports of each country. It was found that growing international demand favoured the commodity exporters as well as countries that prioritized the most dynamic markets (especially Asia). The results on the competitiveness effect were less accurate given that the impact of determinant factors varies according to the specialization pattern of each economy.
This paper assesses how China’s rise as a global power has affected Latin America, in general, and Brazil, in particular. If the global economy will increasingly be Asian-centered and Sino-centered in the decades to come, we must ask which role will be reserved for Latin American countries. We argue that, despite the intentions of a re-orientation in its growth model, the response of the Chinese policymakers to the international financial crisis has reinforced, at least in the short and medium terms, the dependence on exports and investments. Considering the sluggish recovery in advanced economies, that strategy is likely to amplify Chinese pressures to access dynamic domestic markets in emerging countries. In this context, Latin America represents not only a source of natural resources but an increasingly important market for absorbing the Chinese manufactured products. As a consequence, countries such as Brazil, with more diversified production and international trade structures, might experience a regressive pattern of specialization, which might trigger protectionist reactions and other tensions on bilateral relations with China.
This article analyses the structure of Brazilian and Chinese exports to Latin American markets, for the purpose of evaluating the repercussions of China's emergence as a global power and major trading partner of the countries of the region. An estimation of several international trade and competitiveness indicators shows that Chinese exports, particularly manufactured goods, are displacing Brazilian products on the regional market; and this poses a potential threat to Brazil.
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