Cirrhotic patients with OVB and MELD of 18 or more, platelets of 100/ml or less and requiring transfusion of 2 or more units of PRBC were at an increased risk of IHM. Overall, the logistic regression model correctly predicts 82.2% of IHM patients.

DS Portuguese patients have a high CD prevalence rate. This study supports that, in our population, the current recommendations for CD screening in DS patients should be implemented and screening must be EMA based.

Cumulative HP eradication rates have fallen during 2006-2010 due to the fall of first-line eradication therapy rate, which was around 20 %. Therefore, the first-line clarithromycin-based Maastricht III consensus eradication is no longer effective in bariatric patients indicating the need to test new regimens.

A 14-days triple therapy is more effective than 7-days triple therapy suggesting this regimen should be the first-line therapy for HP eradication in Portuguese obese patients undergoing bypass gastric surgery.

By adopting Maastricht IV consensus quadruple concomitant first-line treatment and second-line LVF-based therapy, high cumulative HP eradication rates are achieved but still leaves around 10.6% of obese patients undergoing RYGB in need of the culture and susceptibility testing prior to third-line treatment.