Este trabajo fue recibido el 21 de Julio de 2015 y aceptado para ser publicado el 23 de Octubre de 2015.
Prevalencia de anemia y estado nutricional de escolares del área periurbana de Sucre, BoliviaAnemia prevalence and nutritional status in children of a suburban area of Sucre, Bolivia Rev Chil Nutr Vol. 42, Nº4, Diciembre 2015 INTRODUCCIÓN El hierro es un oligoelemento mineral indispensable para el humano, participa en procesos biológicos, tales como el transporte y almacenamiento de oxígeno, y en la síntesis de hemoglobina (1). Además, es fundamental para el funcionamiento apropiado de numerosas enzimas, por lo que su defi ciencia puede afectar múltiples funciones metabólicas incluida la respuesta inmunológica (2).La anemia por defi ciencia de hierro es una enfermedad nutricional de alta prevalencia en todo el mundo, especialmente en países en vías de desarrollo (3). La OMS estima que son anémicos alrededor de 39% de niños menores de 5 años, 48% de niños de 5 a 14 años, 42% de todas las mujeres y 52% de las mujeres embarazadas de los países en desarrollo (3-4). En Bolivia, la defi ciencia de hierro constituye el trastorno nutricional más común y la principal causa de anemia, con una prevalencia general de anemia del 56% (5), alcanzando un 86,6% de niños entre 6 a 23 meses de edad (6) y 34.7% en escolares (7). Actualmente, Bolivia se encuentra entre los países con los porcentajes más elevados de desnutrición crónica (8), tres de cada diez niños menores de 5 años tienen talla baja para la edad, tasa nacional que enmascara
Recent evidence suggests that obesity-related inflammation may play a central role in hepcidin regulation. Hepcidin is a key regulator of iron homeostasis and has now been suggested as a central mediator of iron metabolism disorders involved in the pathogenesis of anemia of chronic disease. In this review, we focus on subclinical inflammation in obesity and its effect on hepcidin levels, as the most plausible explanation for the relationship between anemia of chronic disease and obesity.( Rev Med Chile 2013; 141: 887-894).
Anemia in mild acute febrile illnessesThis study was designed to furtrer characterize anemia associated to mild infections in children. Thirteen infants and children aged 4 months to 10 years end with an acute febrile illness, all from an outpatient clinic, were included in this study. A blood sampe was ootained at diagnosis and 30 days later, for comple'e blood count, serum iron, total iron binding capacity, transferrin saturation, free erythrocyle orotoporphyrin, serun fe'ri-in, erythrocyte sedimentation rate ana C reactive protein. During the acute infection there was a significant reduction of blood hemoglobin [11.5 ± : .2 vs. '2.0 ± 1.6 g/l; E> < 0.02), -eticulocyte count index [0.3 ± 0.2 vs. 0.7 ± 0.4; p < 0.02], serum iron [36.6 ± 20.6 vs. 73.8 ± 34.8 pg/d ; p<0.001), transferrin saturation (11.1 ± 7.1% vs. 20.8 ± 12.0 % , p < 0.001) crd a significant rise in mean red blood cell volume [80 ± 5 vs. 77 ± 5 fl; p < 0.01) and serum : erritr (mean 26, range 8 to 86 vs. 10, range ^ a 21 ng/l; p < 0.004). Three children had a fall in hemoglobin greater tr.an • g/dl. This anemia was likely causec by reduced red cell output due to blockage of iron release and in some cases associated to hemo.ysis. Free erythocyle p r otoporphyrin was useful to distinguish iron deficiency anemia from anemia due to "he acute infection. C react : ve protein activity was also use £ ul because all patients had more than 6 me/I during the acute phase of infection.
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