Daptomycin-treated patients more frequently required a therapeutic change due to worse microbiological and clinical response, although mortality was not increased. Our findings do not support the use of daptomycin as single therapy in the treatment of EIE. Its role in combined strategies should be further investigated.

IE in patients with BAV and MVP have higher rates of viridans group streptococci IE and IE from suspected odontologic origin than in other IE patients, with a clinical profile similar to that of high-risk IE patients. Our findings suggest that BAV and MVP should be classified as high-risk IE conditions and the case for IEAP should be reconsidered.

When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged < 65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. Conclusion: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the < 65-year group.

SummaryThe results of studies on the association between sex mismatch and survival after heart transplantation are conflicting. Data from the Spanish Heart Transplantation Registry. From 4625 recipients, 3707 (80%) were men. The donor was female in 943 male recipients (25%) and male in 481 female recipients (52%). Recipients of male hearts had a higher body mass index (25.9 AE 4.1 vs. 24.3 AE 3.7; P < 0.01), and male donors were younger than female donors (33.4 AE 12.7 vs. 38.2 AE 12.3; P < 0.01). No further relevant differences related to donor sex were detected. In the univariate analysis, mismatch was associated with mortality in men (hazard ratio [HR], 1.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-1.32; P = 0.003) but not in women (HR, 0.91; 95% CI 0.74-1.12; P = 0.4). A significant interaction was detected between sex mismatch and recipient gender (P = 0.02). In the multivariate analysis, sex mismatch was associated with longterm mortality (HR, 1.14; 95% CI 1.01-1.29; P = 0.04), and there was a tendency toward significance for the interaction between sex mismatch and recipient gender (P = 0.08). In male recipients, mismatch increased mortality mainly during the first month and in patients with pulmonary gradient >13 mmHg. Sex mismatch seems to be associated with mortality after heart transplantation in men but not in women.

Infective endocarditis in children is a rare entity that poses multiple challenges. A history of congenital heart disease is the most common risk factor, although in recent years, other emerging predisposing conditions have gained relevance, such as central venous catheters carriers or children with chronic debilitating conditions; cases in previously healthy children with no medical history are also seen. Diagnosis is complex, although it has improved with the use of multimodal imaging techniques. Antibiotic treatment should be started early, according to causative microorganism and risk factors. Complications are frequent and continue to cause significant morbidity. Most studies have been conducted in adults and have been generalized to the pediatric population, with subsequent limitations. Our manuscript presents a comprehensive review of pediatric infective endocarditis, including recent advances in diagnosis and management.

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The occurrence of new conduction abnormalities that lead to the requirement for new permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) has been reported to be the most frequent complication following transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). However, the reasons and clinical significance of TAVI-induced conduction disturbances and PPI are yet to be fully delineated. This review aims to evaluate the procedure- and patient-related factors that may contribute to the development of aberrant atrioventricular conduction following TAVI as well as its clinical consequences.

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