The use of synthetic fiber and natural fiber for concrete production has been continuously investigated. Most of the materials have become popular for their higher flexibility, durability, and strength. However, the current study explores the engineering properties of cement concrete reinforced with nylon and jute fibers together. Varying proportions and lengths of nylon and jute fibers were utilized in the concrete mixture. Hence, the combined effects of nylon and jute fibers on workability, density, water absorption, compressive, tensile, flexural strength, and drying shrinkage of concrete were investigated. Results showed that concrete with 1% of nylon and jute fibers together by the volume fraction showed a maximum enhancement of the compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength by 11.71%, 14.10%, and 11.04%, respectively, compared to the control mix of concrete at 90 days. However, the water absorption of concrete increased with increasing nylon and jute fiber contents. The drying shrinkage of concrete decreased with the addition of nylon and jute fibers together after 90 days. Thus, the sparing application of both nylon and jute fiber as discussed in this study can be adopted for concrete production.
Self-compacted concrete (SCC) is cast in the formwork without compaction and it fulfills the formwork due to its own weight. SCC is considered to have many advantages in comparison with conventional concrete like improved construction quality, faster construction activity, reduced cost etc. SCC is produced with the same ingredients of normal concrete. However, cementitious materials are also adopted to replace the cement content in SCC in order to use waste materials from industries and agricultural products. To further enhance the performance of SCC, different types of fibers are tried in order to produce fiber reinforced SCC. The fibers in the concrete bridge the cracks and diffuse the crack propagation which improves mechanical properties. In developed countries SCC has reasonable acceptance in construction industry but in developing countries like Pakistan has not gained acceptance. This paper is focused on undertaking a review of SCC with cement replacement and fiber reinforcement materials. The main objective of this paper is to compile the literature in order to understand the various properties of SCC in fresh and hardened state when these cement replacement materials and fibers are used.
In recent years, there has been great concern about introducing new supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) in place of Portland cement (PC) in concrete. This study aims to investigate the behavior of sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA), metakaolin (MK) and millet husk ash (MHA) as SCM with various proportions in concrete. The SCBA, MK and MHA are available in abundant quantities and considered as waste products. On the other hand, cement production emits a lot of toxic gases in the atmosphere which causes environmental pollution and greenhouse gases. Thus, SCBA, MK and MHA might be utilized as cementitious material in concrete for sustainable development. The effect of SCBA, MK and MHA as SCM on the fresh, mechanical properties and embodied carbon of concrete was evaluated experimentally. A total of 228 concrete specimens were prepared with targeted strength of 25MPa at 0.52 water-cement ratio and cured at 28 days. It is found that the compressive strength and split tensile strength were enhanced by 17% and 14.28% respectively at SCBA4MK4MHA4 (88% PC, 4% SCBA, 4% MK and 4% MHA) as ternary cementitious material (TCM) in concrete after 28 days. Moreover, the permeability and density of concrete are being reduced while utilizing of SCBA, MK and MHA separately as SCM and combined as TCM increases in concrete at 28 days respectively. Moreover, the workability of fresh concrete was decreased with the increase of the percentage of SCBA, MK and MHA separately as SCM and together as TCM in concrete. In addition to that, the use of SCBA, MK and MHA individually as SCM and combined as TCM in concrete can reduce the total carbon footprint while reducing the overall cost of concrete manufacturing.
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