A Retrospective study includes records of 1832 patients with dyspeptic symptoms who underwent endoscopic examination in Al-Mawani Teaching Hospital during the period from October 2015 -October 2019 were analyzed. 942 (51.4%) were males and 890(48.6%) were females, 794 (43.3%) had no endoscopic abnormalities,1038 (56.7%) had endoscopic finding.Oesophagitis was seen in 149 (8.1% ) patients , gastritis was seen in 603 (32.9%) patients, duodenal ulcer was seen in 257(14%) patients with male to female ratio (1.8:1) and peak age group between (20-40) years. Gastric ulcer was seen in 47 (2.5%) patients with male to female ratio (1.2:1)and peak age group between (40-60) yrs, and ratio of duodenal to gastric ulcer was (5.5-1). Combined duodenal and gastric ulcer was found in 4(0.2%) patients, gastric cancer was found in 10 (0.54%) patients with peak age group between (50-70) years. It is concluded that endoscopy is golden standard test for diagnosis of gastroduodinal pathology.
Background and Objectives: Dental caries considered as one of the most prevalent diseases affecting teeth. Many organizations are trying to prevent this disease in a variety of ways. The first responsible person professionally for oral health education is the dentist. In order to educate others, one should apply these measures by himself. The aim is to measure the prevalence of dental caries among different stage students, in college of Dentistry/Hawler Medical University. Then relate the prevalence with their academic knowledge of dental caries prevention and to know if males or females have more dental caries, in academically educated dental students about dental caries prevention. Methods: 148 were collected, and the DMFT index scored for them. From which 62 of them were males and 86 females. Peak participation was in the first stage. Females were dominant in participation in all the stages without exception. The female to male ratio was 1.39:1 in the total of all stage participants. Results: The results appeared not significant, with no association between dental caries and academic education of dental caries prevention (p=0.703). There was some difference between the stages, but it was not coincident with having oral health education or not. Conclusion: Academic information has little effect on increasing or decreasing dental caries rates.
Objectives: Biocompatibility is an essential requirement for orthodontic appliances, but it leaches metallic ions in the presence of saliva, prophylactic mouthwashes, and toothpaste. This study evaluates the amount of ion release from orthodontic brackets and archwires after immersing them in two different mouthwash and distilled water types. Methods: Twenty-four orthodontic sets for one mandibular quadrant, including (five brackets), one buccal tube, and a half of the required length of CuNiTi archwires for each set were used. The samples were dipped in Ortho Kin, Kin Forte, distilled water, and measurements were taken at two time points, first after twenty-four hours and second after two weeks. Distilled water was used as the control group. Then the amount of metallic ion release is evaluated by ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma) spectroscopy. Results: Results showed that the highest concentration of metallic ion release was from samples containing Ortho Kin mouthwash (fluoridated) then the Kin Forte and distilled water. Conclusions: Fluoridated mouthwash caused more metallic ion release from orthodontic appliances than non-fluoridated mouthwash and distilled water.
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