Background: The detection of Fasciola species in various geographical regions is essential for health policymaking. Here, we aimed to identify livestock (cattle and sheep) related Fasciola genotypes by restriction fragment length polymorphism PCR. Methods: Seventy adult Fasciola flukes were collected from 70 infected livers of 35 cattle and 35 sheep slaughtered in Zabol abattoir, outh-east Iran (Jan-Jul 2017). Fasciola species were determined based on molecular features. For molecular detection, Fasciola ITS1 region was amplified and sequenced. A 700 bp fragment was amplified. These were digested with RasΙ enzyme. F. hepatica specific fragments were 47, 59, 68, 104, and 370, while those related to F. gigantica had 45, 55, 170, 370. Results: The two main species of F. hepatica and F. gigantica are responsible for fasciolosis in sheep and cattle in our region. From 35 Fasciola isolated from cattle, 3 and 32 were F. hepatica and F. giagantica respectively. From 35 Fasciola isolated from sheep, 4 were F. hepatica and 31 were F. gigantica. Conclusion: All Seventy Fasciola samples from two different hosts (cattle and sheep) were identified as either F. hepatica or F. gigantica by PCR-RFLP. Genotypic variability of Fasciola species was high in our region. It is recommended to assess molecular variation of Fasciola isolates in other host livestock.
All genotypes found in this study are potentially pathogenic. The T4 genotype is the main genotype of Acanthamoeba responsible for amoebic keratitis. Resource water is a potential risk factor for the distribution of free-living amoeba. Therefore, more attention of health authorities to determine, training and prevention from infection are recommended.
Objective: Sarcocystis spp. are common parasites and in terms of economics and pathogenicity in domestic animals is important. The purpose of this work was to define the rate of contamination of slaughtered carcasses of cattle to Sarcocystis using digestive and histopathological methods in southeast Iran. Material and Methods: In this descriptive laboratory study for 1 year, 500 carcasses were examined and isolated bradyzoites of Sarcocystis with the digest method. Also, tissue samples from the esophagus and diaphragm were considered for pathologic studies and stained with hematoxylin and eosin of sections of histopathological. Results: The results showed that the highest contaminations were in imported male animals aged 2–3 years old in the spring. There was a significant difference ( p < 0.05) in the prevalence rate with the sex and race of cattle but no significant difference ( p > 0.05) in the prevalence rate with age and season. Conclusion: Infection with Sarcocystis is common in oxen in this region. The imported cattle are more infected. It seems that racing and the environmental condition affect the prevalence of Sarcocystosis.
Background: Cryptosporidium parasite is the cause of human gastroenteritis and other cold and warm-blooded animals that have been widely distributed throughout the world. Genetic information on opportunistic pathogens in immunocompromised patients leads to an increase in the information on epidemiology, patient care, patient management, and rescue. In Iran, infection to Cryptosporidium spp. has been reported, yet only molecular genes can differentiate species and genotype discrimination of the cyst. The molecular assays indicated that Cryptosporidium parvum is the most common species found in Iran, followed by C. hominis. Objectives: The present study aimed at determining the genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium (C.) in children with diarrhea using the PCR-RFLP method and SSU gene. Methods: In this study, stool specimens were collected from 182 children with diarrhea referring to Zabol hospitals. Slides and shitter procedure were done and Ziehl-Neelsen stain was observed directly; an examination was made to identify the parasite, and PCR-RFLP were eventually performed on DNA extracted from the isolates. Results: Out of 182 stool specimens, 27 isolates were identified as Cryptosporidium, using Ziehl-Neelsen stain method, of which 17 and 10 isolates were respectively reported to be C. parvum and C. hominis after the molecular examination. Conclusions: Both human and cattle genotypes are seen in children with diarrhea, yet since the dominant species is C. parvum, zoonosis is more common than human transmission and human-livestock contact is considered as the most important source of human contamination.
BackgroundZoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) is polymorphic disease that may show various clinical manifestations.ObjectivesThis study investigates the determination of genetic variation within the species of Leishmania major isolates from new cases in Chabahar, a port city in Southeast Iran (situated at the Iran-Pakistan border). Migration in this region indicates that leishmaniasis is spreading gradually, and a new micro-habitat focus appears each year.Materials and MethodsA variety of nucleic acid detection methods that target both DNA and RNA have been developed. The restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of amplified internal transcribed spacer 1 with polymerase chain reaction (ITS1-RFLP PCR) assay is a multipurpose tool for the diagnosis of Leishmania from clinical samples and for enabling the determination of the infecting Leishmania species. The goal of this study was the identification of species based on ITS1-RFLP in the ribosomal operon of L. major from clinically different forms of ZCL amplified by PCR, followed by the digestion of the PCR product with restriction enzymes. The profiles were observed and visualized in agarose gel under UV light. We used direct smears to identify the parasites. While taking the smear, samples were collected for culture or direct PCR. We used the PCR-RFLP assay of the ITS1 genes for direct identification of Leishmania species in 24 out of 33 suspected patients. PCR-ITS1 amplification was done on the 24 samples confirmed by culture via growth and parasitological methods.ResultsOf the 24 isolates, 21 had 350 bp bands (87.5%) and three had 450 bp bands (12.5%). After using the restriction enzyme, banding patterns including fragments of 210 and 140 bp for L. major were detected in 19 cases.ConclusionsThe L. major species causing ZCL in Chabahar have limited genetic variation. There seems to be little manifestation of diversity between these lesions as a new focus of disease, and new micro-habitats for the disease are appearing in parts of this region.
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