Background: Physicians who smoke are less likely to ask patients about their smoking and initiate cessation interventions. Hence it is important to study the prevalence of tobacco use, attitude and training of health professional students. Objectives were to study prevalence and attitudes towards tobacco use and training related to tobacco cessation.Methods: Armed Forces Medical college-based cross-sectional survey by anonymous, self-administered questionnaire as per Global Health Professions Student Survey (GHPSS) was conducted. Data was compiled and analyzed for various variables as per the GHPSS questionnaire.Results: Forty-two percent of the students had ever smoked cigarettes and 24% were current smokers. Nearly one in five had tried their first cigarette before 20 years of age. Male gender was associated with smoking. There is a significant association between not smoking and support for smoking ban in public places. Almost all the respondents (98.1%) thought smoking should be banned in all enclosed public places. In light of 20.6% of all respondents who smoked in college buildings during past this year indicated a gap between their knowledge, attitude and behavior. There was a strong desire to quit smoking but only 42% reported receiving help/ advice to stop smoking. Only one in ten reported receiving formal training in smoking cessation techniques.Conclusions: The fight against tobacco can get a boost through interventions aimed at health care professional students. Active Interventions should be made to address smoking issues among medical students. Skill based medical school curriculum should incorporate and emphasize on acquiring effective smoking cessation skills.
Background: The word “Rabies” is derived from Latin word ‘Rabus’, which in turn is derived from the Sanskrit word ‘Rabhas’ which means ‘to do violence’. In India, the dog has always existed as the main reservoir of rabies. Globally Asia contributes to highest Rabies mortality; with the highest incidence reported in India followed by China.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the antirabies clinic during the period of one year (2016-2017). A self-administered, pretested questionnaire was used to extract information on demographic profile, biting animal, nature of biting dog, vaccination status, WHO category of bite, site of bite. Information of 500 animal bite cases were collected during the study period.Results: Maximum cases were reported among children below 15 years age group i.e. 157 (31.4%). Majority reported cases 342 (68.40%) were males and maximum reported cases 338 (67.60%) were from urban area. Majority 472 (94.4%) were bitten by dogs. Approximately two third (66.74%) of the biting dogs were stray while, among the total 157 (33.26%) pet dogs; approximately only one third 59 (37.58%) were vaccinated.Conclusions: Since young children are more at risk of animal bite. So, educational sessions providing knowledge to protect themselves from bites should be a part of School Health Programme. A cooperative approach involving measures like proper garbage disposal, discouraging community owned dogs, helping dog catching squad and sterilization will help to reduce the dog population.
Introduction: Substance abuse refers to the harmful or hazardous use of any psychoactive substance including licit and illicit drugs, other than when medically indicated. According to a UN report, 1 million heroin addicts are registered in India, and unofficially, there are as many as 5 million. Among all the states Punjab stood third in substance abuse and also injectable drug use. The present study was thus conducted to assess the sociodemographic profile and pattern of substance abuse among patients attending a Drug de-addiction centre. Material and Methods: A record-based analysis from March 2015 to March 2019 was done. Substance dependence was diagnosed post detailed clinical interview by a consultant psychiatrist at the center using DSM -10. For the 966 registered patients admitted in the last four years, the record was checked for completeness of data and relevant information on socio-demographic profile, substance abused, duration of hospital stays, drop out and relapse rates was extracted. Results: Of the total admitted patients (n= 966) 100% addicts were of male gender and natives of Punjab. 514 (53.21%) were married followed by 434(44.93%) never married. Maximum patients 456(47.20%) were self-employed. Heroin was the most abused drug. The injecting route of drug abuse was used by most of the abusers i.e. 51.66%. Only 173 (17.90%) patients dropped out of the treatment followed by relapse in 192 (19.88%). Conclusion: In this paper we demonstrated the vulnerability of young population towards drug addiction. Easy accessibility of drugs, peer pressure and difficult family circumstances raises the fragility to restore for substance use. However, community-based studies are imperative in order to estimate how big is the problem at the bottom.
Background and Aims:Present study aimed to determine the clinical outcome for non-cultured melanocyte transfer in the management of stable vitiligo.Methods:A hospital based prospective study was conducted including 50 stable unresponsive patients of vitiligo undergoing non-cultured melanocyte transplant. Re-pigmentation was analyzed on the basis of baseline photographs after 6 months post procedure. Degree of re-pigmentation was estimated to the nearest of one of the following percentages and the final outcome of re-pigmentation for statistical analysis was graded as: >70% re-pigmentation: Good; 30-69% re-pigmentation: Fair and; <30% re-pigmentation: Poor.Results:The mean age of study group was 29.79 ± 13.8 with 52% males and 48% females. Out of total 50 patients, 31 (62%) patients showed good re-pigmentation, 10 (20%) showed fair re-pigmentation while 9 (18%) patients showed poor re-pigmentation. Patches over face, lips, trunk and legs showed good re-pigmentation, however patches over acral areas and bony prominences had poor re-pigmentation.Conclusion:Autologous non-cultured melanocyte transfer have an edge over the other modalities, however, proper patient selection, proper technique and good laboratory set up is required. It has an advantage over conventional split skin thickness grafting as it requires very little donor site skin.
<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Defect following surgical management of Squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa ofter requires reconstruction for restoration of form and function of oral cavity. Posteriorly based dorsal tongue flap is well known, but less utilised technique for such reconstruction. The aim of this article is to present institutional experience of posteriorly based dorsal tongue flap as a reconstructive option in selected cases of carcinoma of buccal mucosa after wide local excision with marginal mandibulectomy and its impact on rehabilitation.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> In this cohort study, twelve selected cases of early carcinoma buccal mucosa, who underwent surgical excision with marginal mandibulectomy with reconstruction with posteriorly based dorsal tongue flap were included and followed up for atleast one year. Objective evaluation of swallowing and subjective evaluation of speech was done. The total duration of the study was three years. Statistical analysis was done using Friedman test and Wilcoxon Sign-Rank test using SPSS 2.0. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The result of the study showed that there is significant reduction in swallowing function in post-operative period as determined by MDADI score. However there is significant improvement at Six weeks compared to 10th post-operative day. The speech also remains intelligible. No flap related complication was observed.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Posteriorly based dorsal tongue flap is a simple, reliable and versatile flap for reconstruction of surgical defects following wide local excision and marginal mandibulectomy for early carcinoma of buccal mucosa, without substantial morbidity and with satisfactory swallowing and speech.</p>
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