Kajian ini menggunakan reka bentuk tinjauan menerusi kaedah pemerhatian di sebuah sekolah menengah dalam daerah Batu Gajah di Negeri Perak. Populasi kajian terdiri daripada 102 orang murid Tingkatan Lima di sekolah tersebut. Pemerhatian dibuat ke atas peserta kajian berdasarkan tempoh masa yang tertentu yang telah ditetapkan. Oleh itu, dari kaedah pemerhatian, keputusan yang diperoleh adalah lebih tepat. Menerusi pemerhatian, Model Kompetensi Kepimpinan Perubahan (MKKP) telah digunakan oleh pengetua semasa berhadapan dengan perubahan dalam tadbir urus sekolah. Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan Bersyarat (PKPB) telah mengubah pembudayaan dan iklim sekolah menerusi kepimpinan pengetua. Kajian dijalankan setelah pembukaan semula sekolah bagi murid yang mengambil peperiksaan SPM dan STPM. Kepimpinan pengetua dapat dilihat menerusi pencapaian matlamat perubahan yang telah dirancang dari awal proses perubahan. Pengetua juga berjaya melakukan perubahan dengan cara yang kreatif dan proaktif terhadap sekolah tersebut. Hal ini dapat dilihat menerusi kepimpinan pengetua dalam menguruskan perubahan sekolah adalah amat penting kerana peranan pengetua sebagai individu yang bertanggungjawab secara langsung ke atas perubahan di sekolah.
The main purpose of this review is to explore the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational health in the context of leadership practices in schools. This review also aims to look at the characteristics of transformational leadership and how transformational leadership is created from various basic leadership theories. The methodology used is a systematic review in which n = 34 articles were selected for review after the filtering process based on a number of pre-determined criteria. This systematic review found that there was a correlation between the transformational leadership aspects introduced by Bass and the organizational health elements introduced by Hoy and Miskel. This is very important because it forms the basis of this research. The four aspects of transformational leadership, namely ideal influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and individual consideration are related to organizational health elements, namely, integrity in institutions, collegial leadership, relationships between teachers and academic emphasis.
The aim of this study is to discuss the models of resilience protective, challenge and describe how resilience differs from related concepts. The key terms are discussed about methodological issues, and explore implications for the profession by focusing on adolescents to overcome the negative effects of risk exposure. However, to bridge the gaps in current understanding, involves facilitation of skill acquisition via strengthening processes. An overview of this resilience research related to adolescent substance use, violent behaviour, and social risk behaviour. Consider the findings specifically emphasis on the developmental period of adolescence and forms the basis of a framework that allows an individual variance in resilience, the identification of both neurobiological and psychosocial targets for prevention therapeutic interventions. This study enhances intervention protective factors in adolescent to offset these vulnerabilities and thus promote the health of adolescents. The objective of coping reactions is fundamental to the enduring effects of violence exposure on their psychosocial development and functioning. Finally, this study illustrates the manner in which coping efforts can support resilience among adolescent stage exposed to violence and suggest new directions for research and preventive intervention aimed at optimizing outcomes for adolescent at risk of exposure. KEYWORDS : Resilience Risk, Protective Factors, Social Practice, Attitude, Behaviour
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