Background: Breast cancer is the biggest risk factor that endangers women's health. It is considered the highest stress-causing disease due to the unpleasant effects of disease on different aspects of patients’ life. Breast cancer is commonly associated with the symptoms of post-traumatic stress and its comorbidities such as anxiety and depression. It appears that time perspective therapy (TPT), as a new psychological treatment, can reduce the symptoms of post-traumatic stress, anxiety, and depression in females with breast cancer. Methods: This is a randomized controlled trial conducted from February to September 2019. A total of 30 patients with breast cancer were selected through a convenience sampling technique and were randomly divided into the control and treatment groups. The latter group attended 6-week sessions (each session lasted 90 minutes long) to receive TPT. To conduct pretest and posttest, all participants in the two groups were asked to fill out the following questionnaires: (1) Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI); (2) The Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL); (3) Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI); and (4) the second version of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to evaluate the effects of treatment. A P-value smaller than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Data analysis of 28 patients from the experimental and control groups showed that TPT significantly reduced the symptoms of post-traumatic stress, anxiety, and depression in the treatment group (P < 0.001 for symptoms of post-traumatic stress and anxiety, and P = 0.002 for depression). Such a difference was not seen in the control group. Conclusions: TPT may be an effective approach to reduce symptoms of post-traumatic stress, anxiety, and depression in Iranian women with breast cancer. Further investigations are required to confirm these findings, which may in turn help heath care professionals use TPT to promote the mental health of females with breast cancer.
Introduction: Emotional labor tend to consider manage and expression feeling at workplace. The main purpose of this study was investigate role of emotional labour and resiliency in mental health of nurses. Methods: This study used a descriptive disign. According to the Morgan table, 312 nurses from Qamar Bani Hashem Hospital and Shaheed Madani Hospital in Khoy were participated in this study. They completed three questionnaires including Zapf' Emotional Labor scale, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and Connor and Davidson Resilience Scale. Finally, the data were analyzed through stepwise regression analysis. Results: Surface emotional acting had a positive and significant relationship with physical symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, social dysfunction and depression (P < 0.001), while its relationship with resilience and work experience was negatively significant (P < 0.001). Meanwhile, Surface emotional acting explain to 24% of mental health in nurses (negatively). Deep emotional acting had a meaningful and positive relationship with the components of mental health, resilience and work experience. In other words, with growth work experience, tend to increase deep emotional acting. In the result, resilience and mental health improve gradually. Conclusions: Surface emotional acting, often seen in little background nurses, could lead to cognitive dissonance and inconsistency between behavior and beliefs. In the result, it can reduce psychological health. If use consistently defensive mechanisms to control these emotional disruptions, the nurses will be experince burnout in long time.
Background: Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who are receiving chemotherapy are at risk of developing a wide range of neurological disorder during medical treatment. This study was conducted to compare working memory performance, attention maintenance and executive function in children with ALL and healthy children. Methods: This causal-comparative research was performed on 50 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and 50 healthy children (their sibling) who were between the ages of 7 and 12 years in Children hospital. We used random sampling method. N-back working memory test (N-Back) for working memory function, continuous performance test (CPT) for attention maintenance, and Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST) for executive function and flexibility were applied. Results: Independent T-test and Mann-Whitney tests were used to analyze the findings. Children with ALL have more deficiency in working memory performance (accuracy; correct response: r = 0.01 and unanswered r = 0.008) and executive functions compared to the control group (% Correct: r = 0.03, % Errors: r = 0.01, Categories achieved: r = 0.017, Failures to maintain set: r = 0.001). But there were no significant differences in attention maintenance scores between the two groups. Conclusions: Children with ALL compared to their healthy siblings show a weak function in cortical regions and frontal lobe. Biopsycho-social factors lead to cognitive disruption in ALL group.
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