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Today, the main concepts required for describing the dynamics of drainage in an entire urban area are known and models are available that can reasonably simulate the behaviour of the urban water system. Still, such integrated modelling is a complex exercise not only due to the sheer size of the model, but also due to the different modelling approaches that reflect the history of the sub-models used and of the purpose they were built for. The paper reviews the state of the art in deterministic modelling, outlines experiences and discusses problems and future developments.

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This paper presents a review of the current state of the art of real time control (RTC) of urban wastewater systems. Control options not only of the sewer system, but also of the wastewater treatment plant and of receiving water bodies are considered. One section of the paper provides concise definitions of terms frequently used in the literature. Recent developments in the field of RTC include the consideration of the urban wastewater system in its entirety. This allows information from all parts of the wastewater system to be used for control decisions and can lead to a significant improvement of the performance of the wastewater system. Some fundamental concepts of this approach are outlined. Particular emphasis in this paper is laid on methodologies of how to derive a control procedure for a given system. As an example of an RTC operational in practice, the Québec Urban Community global predictive RTC system is presented. The paper concludes with an outlook into current and future developments in the area of real time control.

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