232.561 AE 28.389, P ¼ 0.0002 and P < 0.0001, One-way ANOVA). Expression levels of the pluripotent genes (Oct4, Sox2 and Klf4) were not affected by Nickel in 4-Cell embryos (P > 0.05, One-way ANOVA).CONCLUSIONS: Nickel disrupted blastocyst hatching in a dose-dependent manner. Cleavage stage embryo development was not impacted by exposure to Nickel at concentrations below 100mM. Down-regulation of pluripotent genes and repression of trophectoderm differentiation may mediate the detrimental effects of Nickel on embryo development.Supported by: By March of Dime Foundation (MOD 82713) and the Stanley H. Kaplan Fund of NYU School of Medicine.
Background: The morphological criteria are still the main method during In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) technology for selection of human embryos with possible high implantation rates and successful pregnancy potential. Embryo fragmentation is routinely used as the main tool for grading the human embryo and its implantation potential. Fragments of human embryo cells are the sources of cell free mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that released into the embryo culture media (secretome). Cell free mtDNA detection in human embryo secretome can be used as a non invasive objective tool to appraise the fragmentation of the embryo cells and thus the growing potential to the blastocyst stage. Aim: the aim of the present research paper was to evaluate the correlation between cell free Mitochondrial DNA content of embryo culture medium at Day 3 and blastocyst growth and grading during Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) cycles. Subjects and Methods: 50 spent embryo culture media were collected from 17 ICSI cycles. In twenty good quality grade 1 embryos; culture samples were collected and embryos allowed continuing in culture to reach blastocyst stage. After extraction and purification; mitochondrial DNA was profiled by specific semi quantitative method (Agarose gel electrophoresis). Each Day 3 embryo was morphologically graded according to the current consensus system (Alpha Scientists in Reproductive Medicine and ESHRE Special Interest Group of Embryology, 2011. At D5 blastocysts were morphologically scored according to criteria described by Gardner and Schoolcraft (1999) and recently agreed by an expert panel of scientists (Alpha Scientists in Reproductive Medicine and ESHRE Special Interest Group of Embryology, 2011). Results: Insignificant correlation was found between mtDNA profiling in D3culture media of embryonic development and embryo
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