The coastal area of Java has become a centre of new economic growth. The southern coast of Java, which is directly adjacent to the tropical Indian Ocean, is very vulnerable to sea level rise caused by climate change. Information on variability and trends in sea level are therefore very important for adaptation and disaster mitigation efforts. This research was conducted to determine the variability and trend of sea level in the southern sea of Java. Data used were from satellite altimeter from 1993 to 2018 and tide gauges from 2007 to 2015. The rate of sea level rise was analysed using linear regression. The results showed that the sea level variability in the southern waters of Java was influenced by the Asian-Australian monsoon, eddy currents and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). During June-November, there was a very significant decrease in sea level, especially in the south of East Java and Central Java, which was caused by upwelling and eddy currents. When there was a positive phase of IOD and an El Niño event, sea level decreased; conversely, when the IOD was in a negative phase, sea level increased. For the period 1993-2018, the sea level in the southern waters of Java increased by about 4.7 mm/year.
Research on climate change was conducted in Bali, Indonesia, using the Conformal Cubic Atmospheric Model (CCAM), which works with the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5. The history data means average data from 1971 to 2000, climate projections with RCP4.5 scenario means average data from 2040 to 2069, and anomaly (climate change) is RCP4.5 minus history. The results represent the history of temperature between 22.5-27.5 0C and the projection between 25.5-29.5 0C. Temperature anomalies can be observed in much of northern Bali, which has increased from about 1.6 to 2.9 0C. There is a trend towards reduced (drier) humidity in most parts of Bali, particularly in the northern part of Bali. In contrast, a small amount in the south increases the (wetter) humidity. The comfort index of the Bali region in history is still relatively comfortable (20-26 0C). The projection condition RCP 4.5, there is no comfortable area with an index of more than 26 0C (hot and dry).
Coastal zone is very vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. The increase of sea wave and sea level rise threaten coastal zone. The purpose of this study is to determine trends of significant wave height and sea level in the southern waters of the special region of Yogyakarta. The data used consists of daily significant wave height from 2010-2018, weekly absolute dynamics topography from 2005-2018 and daily surface wind from 2010-2018. Trends of significant wave height and sea level were analyzed by using linear regression. The results showed that significant wave height during the east season until the second transition season was higher than the west season and the first transition season. Vice versa, sea level during the east season until the second transition season was lower than the west season and the first transition season. Trends of significant wave height has increased of 0.63 cm/year, meanwhile sea level rise reached 0.82 cm/years.
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