[1] An empirical model of the quiet daily geomagnetic field variation has been constructed based on geomagnetic data obtained from 21 stations along the 210 Magnetic Meridian of the Circum-pan Pacific Magnetometer Network (CPMN) from 1996 to 2007. Using the least squares fitting method for geomagnetically quiet days (Kp ≤ 2+), the quiet daily geomagnetic field variation at each station was described as a function of solar activity SA, day of year DOY, lunar age LA, and local time LT. After interpolation in latitude, the model can describe solar-activity dependence and seasonal dependence of solar quiet daily variations (S) and lunar quiet daily variations (L). We performed a spherical harmonic analysis (SHA) on these S and L variations to examine average characteristics of the equivalent external current systems. We found three particularly noteworthy results. First, the total current intensity of the S current system is largely controlled by solar activity while its focus position is not significantly affected by solar activity. Second, we found that seasonal variations of the S current intensity exhibit northsouth asymmetry; the current intensity of the northern vortex shows a prominent annual variation while the southern vortex shows a clear semi-annual variation as well as annual variation. Thirdly, we found that the total intensity of the L current system changes depending on solar activity and season; seasonal variations of the L current intensity show an enhancement during the December solstice, independent of the level of solar activity.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

The purpose of this study is to find an authentic assessment in field study activities that can be used to shape the professionalism of geography teacher candidates. The method used in this research is Research and Development. Research instruments: documentation study guidelines; model authentic assessment; Instruments for prospective professional teachers with peer ratings. Authentic factual model assessment limited testing of students at the Jakarta State University Geography Education. The factual model was improved to be retested. The hypothetical model was tested on 120 respondents in geography education students at Jakarta State University & Indonesian Education University. Data analysis used by path analysis, with the help of AMOS software program 5. The type of authentic assessment is positively related, namely the performance appraisal of tool use (0,36) and project assessment (0,24), which has a negative relationship namely attitude assessment (-0,13), presentation performance (-0,14), and portfolio assessment (-0,40). Teacher professionalism includes four competencies. Field study can make personality and social competencies of geography teacher candidates, but it lacks in making pedagogic and professional competences.