Background:FOXA1 expression is a good prognostic marker for endocrine therapy in hormone-positive breast cancer. We retrospectively examined breast cancer patients with luminal human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative tumours, as defined by immunohistochemistry, who received neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and investigated the relationship between treatment effects and FOXA1 expression.Methods:Biopsy specimens from 103 luminal HER2-negative tumours were immunohistochemically examined. FOXA1 effects on chemo-sensitivity were also investigated employing in vitro experiments.Results:FOXA1 and Ki67 expressions independently predicted a pathological complete response (pCR). Knockdown of FOXA1 by siRNA boosted the chemo-effect in oestrogen receptor-positive cells. The Cox hazards model revealed a pCR to be the strongest factor predicting a good patient outcome.Conclusions:Our present study showed low FOXA1 expression to be associated with a good response to NAC in luminal HER2-negative breast cancer. Improved outcomes of these patients suggest that NAC should be recommended to patients with low FOXA1 tumours.
Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) usually grows in a pure form with no other associated histological components. However, combined small cell lung carcinoma (cSCLC), which is accompanied by other histological components (cSCLCs) may sometimes occur. Herein, we analyzed the tumorigenesis of cSCLC containing a demarcated area of pure SCLC. A 76‐year‐old man had a 25‐mm mass in the perihilar portion of his right upper lung. Histologically, the cSCLC contained two relatively demarcated areas: one area composed of pure SCLC cells and another area of SCLC, squamous‐like component (SLC), and spindle cell carcinoma (SpCC) cells. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was observed at allele 3p in all tumor components and at 22q in the pure SCLC component. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis and LOH study suggested that all components were likely to be monoclonal in origin and revealed that the pure SCLC component was not the precursor of the cSCLC. In the tumorigenesis of this case, the pure SCLC and the cSCLC may have originated from a common pluripotent tumor cell and then diverged, although we cannot state this conclusively. Further studies with more cases are necessary to test this theory.
The differentiation of IPMNs to gastric FG is related to oncocytic and pancreatobiliary subtypes, and to high grade. This is the first report to describe differentiation of IPMNs to the FG, and to reveal its relationship with the clinicopathological features of IPMNs.
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