The article presents the results of primary crystallization, wear resistance and SEM studies of chromium cast iron inoculated with ferrotitanium and rare earth elements as a mischmetal inoculating mixture. Thermal-derivative analysis method was used to conduct studies of primary crystallization in two types of testers, namely ATD-C and ATD-Is, reflecting two different cooling speeds. Wear resistance tests were performed with the use of modified pin-on-disk method on Tribotester 3-POD device, where the samples were moving in circular motion in metal-mineral friction system. Silicon carbide was used as a counter sample. The studies allowed to determine the influence of selected inoculants on the microstructure and wear resistance of the studied samples. All characteristic crystallization temperatures of samples casted into ATD-Is testers increased, as well as wear resistance of each inoculated samples compared to the noninoculated sample. It was proven that TiC and REE compounds are effective inoculants for chromium carbides and that REE compounds can work as underlay for TiC crystallization. Keywords chromium cast iron, inoculation, mischmetal, titanium, wear This article is an invited submission to JMEP selected from presentations at the 73rd World Foundry Congress and has been expanded from the original presentation. 73WFC was held in Krakow, Poland, September 23-27, 2018, and was organized by the World Foundry Organization and Polish FoundrymenÕs Association.
In recent years, white chromium cast iron has gained a well-settled position among wear-resistant materials. In recent times, chromium cast iron samples containing titanium have attracted attention. In cast iron samples, titanium combines with carbon and forms TiC particles, which may be form a crystallization underlay for eutectic M7C3 carbides and austenite. Accordingly, the inoculation process occurring in the crystallizing alloy should result in the proper, regular distribution of fine eutectic chromium carbides in the austenitic matrix. The presented research was conducted on 20% Cr hypoeutectic white cast iron with the addition of 0.5, 1, and 2% of Ti. Ti inoculation and the presence of TiC allowed for superior wear properties to be obtained. However, the conducted study revealed a significant decrease in the impact strength of examined alloys, especially for the cast iron samples with a high amount of Ti, in which the TiC compounds agglomerated. Titanium compounds accumulate in clusters and their distribution is irregular. Most of the TiC compounds were transported by the crystallization front into the center of the castings, where micropores were formed, meaning they were no longer effective crystallization underlays. In the authors’ opinion, the agglomerate formation is strictly connected with the appearance of bifilm defects in the casting microstructure. The conducted research shows how an incorrect volume of an additive may have negative influences on the properties of the casting. This is a vital issue not only from a technological point of view, but also for economic reasons.
The article presents results of pitting corrosion studies of selected silicon cast irons. The range of studies included low, medium and high silicon cast iron. The amount of alloying addition (Si) in examined cast irons was between 5 to 25 %. Experimental melts of silicon cast irons [1-3] were conducted in Department of Foundry of Silesian University of Technology in Gliwice and pitting corrosion resistance tests were performed in Faculty of Biomedical Engineering in Department of Biomaterials and Medical Devices Engineering of Silesian University of Technology in Zabrze. In tests of corrosion resistance the potentiostat VoltaLab PGP201 was used. Results obtained in those research complement the knowledge about the corrosion resistance of iron alloys with carbon containing Si alloying addition above 17 % [4-6]. Obtained results were supplemented with metallographic examinations using scanning electron microscopy. The analysis of chemical composition for cast irons using Leco spectrometer was done and the content of alloying element (silicon) was also determined using the gravimetric method in the laboratory of the Institute of Welding in Gliwice. The compounds of microstructure were identify by X-ray diffraction.
The aim of presented studies was to develop a new geometry of the overflow part of standard ATD-C tester for derivative thermal analysis in a way that it would allow to obtain samples for abrasion and mechanical properties tests in the same mould without the need of cutting them from a block of material. The pattern of new ATD-P tester has parts reflecting implemented samples. Computer simulations regarding initial verification of new tester were performed in NovaFlow software. Chromium cast iron melts were made for testing the sampler in real conditions and TDA analysis for casting material were conducted. The sandmix was prepared on silica sand matrix per the ALPHASET technology. This new solution greatly simplifies the preparations of materials difficult to machine.
This paper discusses a problem connected with the production process of ductile iron castings made using the in-mold method. The study results are presented showing that this method compromises the quality of the cast machine parts and of the equipment itself. Specifics of the nodularization process using the in-mold method do not provide the proper conditions for removal of chemical reaction products to the slag, i.e., the products stay in the mold cavity and they also decrease the quality of the casting. In this work, corrosion-type defects were diagnosed mostly on the surface of the casting and some compounds in the near-surface layer-i.e., fayalite (Fe 2 SiO 4 ) and forsterite (Mg 2 SiO 4 )-which cause discontinuities in the metal matrix. The results presented here were selected based on experimental melts of ductile iron. The elements of the mold used in this study, the shape of the mixing chamber, charge materials, method of melting, temperature of liquid metal, etc. were directly related to the production conditions. An analysis was conducted of the chemical composition using a Leco GDS500A spectrometer and a carbon and sulfur Leco CS125 analyzer. Metallographic examinations were conducted using a Phenom-ProX scanning electron microscope with an EDS system.
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