Runtime verification is concerned with monitoring program traces. In particular, stream runtime verification (SRV) takes the program trace as input streams and incrementally derives output streams. SRV can check logical properties and compute temporal metrics and statistics from the trace. We present TeSSLa, a temporal stream-based specification language for SRV. TeSSLa supports timestamped events natively and is hence suitable for streams that are both sparse and finegrained, which often occur in practice. We prove results on TeSSLa's expressiveness and compare different TeSSLa fragments to (timed) automata, thereby inheriting various decidability results. Finally, we present a monitor implementation and prove its correctness.
Modern surgical departments are characterized by a high degree of automation supporting complex procedures. It recently became apparent that integrated operating rooms can improve the quality of care, simplify clinical workflows, and mitigate equipment-related incidents and human errors. Particularly using computer assistance based on data from integrated surgical devices is a promising opportunity. However, the lack of manufacturer-independent interoperability often prevents the deployment of collaborative assistive systems. The German flagship project OR.NET has therefore developed, implemented, validated, and standardized concepts for open medical device interoperability. This paper describes the universal OR.NET interoperability concept enabling a safe and dynamic manufacturer-independent interconnection of point-of-care (PoC) medical devices in the operating room and the whole clinic. It is based on a protocol specifically addressing the requirements of device-to-device communication, yet also provides solutions for connecting the clinical information technology (IT) infrastructure. We present the concept of a service-oriented medical device architecture (SOMDA) as well as an introduction to the technical specification implementing the SOMDA paradigm, currently being standardized within the IEEE 11073 service-oriented device connectivity (SDC) series. In addition, the Session concept is introduced as a key enabler for safe device interconnection in highly dynamic ensembles of networked medical devices; and finally, some security aspects of a SOMDA are discussed.
Abstract-This paper studies runtime verification of distributed asynchronous systems and presents a monitor generation procedure for this purpose, which allows three-valued monitoring. The properties used in the monitors are specified in a logic that was newly created for this purpose and is called Distributed Temporal Logic (DTL). DTL combines the three-valued Linear Temporal Logic (LTL3) with the past-time Distributed Temporal Logic (ptDTL), which allows to mark subformulas for remote evaluation. The monitor generation presented in this paper is based on an adopted version of the LTL3 monitor generation, which integrates the ptDTL monitor construction. The aim of this new procedure is to increase the amount of monitorable properties compared to the properties monitorable with ptDTL. Runtime verification using this new monitoring has been implemented on LEGO Mindstorms NXT robots communicating via Bluetooth.
We study the problem of online runtime verification of real-time event streams. Our monitors can observe concurrent systems with a shared clock, but where each component reports observations as signals that arrive to the monitor at different speeds and with different and varying latencies. We start from specifications in a fragment of the TeSSLa specification language, where streams (including inputs and final verdicts) are not restricted to be Booleans but can be data from richer domains, including integers and reals with arithmetic operations and aggregations. Specifications can be used both for checking logical properties and for computing statistics and general numeric temporal metrics (and properties on these richer metrics). We present an online evaluation algorithm for the specification language and a concurrent implementation of the evaluation algorithm. The algorithm can tolerate and exploit the asynchronous arrival of events without synchronizing the inputs. Then, we introduce a theory of asynchronous transducers and show a formal proof of the correctness such that every possible run of the monitor implements the semantics. Finally, we report an empirical evaluation of a highly concurrent Erlang implementation of the monitoring algorithm. Keywords Stream runtime verification • Monitoring • Real-time event streams • Formal methods • Parallel event processing Torben Scheffel
Abstract. This paper presents an approach for rapidly adjustable embedded trace online monitoring of multi-core systems, called RETOM. Today, most commercial multi-core SoCs provide accurate runtime information through an embedded trace unit without affecting program execution. Available debugging solutions can use it to reconstruct the run offline, but usually for up to a few seconds only. RETOM employs a novel online reconstruction technique that makes the program run available outside the SoC and allows for evaluating a specification formulated in the stream-based specification language TeSSLa in real time. The necessary computing performance is provided by an FPGA-based event processing system. In contrast to other hardware-based runtime verification techniques, changing the specification requires no circuit synthesis and thus seconds rather than minutes or hours. Therefore, iterated testing and property adjustment during development and debugging becomes feasible while preserving the option of arbitrarily extending observation time, which may be necessary to detect rarely occurring errors. Experiments show the feasibility of the approach.
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