The dramatic increase in the number of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic renal disease (CRD) in the recent years emphasizes the closeassociation between the two conditions and the leading role of DM in the development of renal pathology. Diabetology and nephrology are highly costlybranches of public health, and the burden of substitution renal therapy in DM patients continues to grow. The necessity of a renoprotection programat the early stages of DM for the prevention or delay of terminal renal insufficiency becomes increasingly clear. Such program should be based on theconceptual model of the evolvement of diabetic nephropathy as a consequence of combined action of metabolic and hemodynamic factors modulatedby genetic ones.
The review addresses the questions of history, clinical features and outcomes of simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation in patients with diabetesmellitus type 1. This approach was shown to have positive aspects, such as improvement of glycemic control, rapid normalization and long-termmaintenance of glycated hemoglobin levels, disappearance of hypoglycemic events, and deceleration of coronary artery disease progression resultedin reduced incidence of cardiovascular mortality. Operative risk and post-transplantation complications are also described in details.
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