ABSTRACT… Objectives: To find out Association with risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) of in-hospital newborns of low birth weight (LBW). Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Department of Paediatrics, Civil Hospital Bahawalpur. Period: March 2017 to May 2018. Material and Methods: Sixty infants having birth weight 800 gram to 2500 gram, gestational age from 28 weeks to 40 weeks, either male or female were selected. Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) was assessed in selected patients. Results: Mean gestational age was 32.67 ± 3.8 weeks, mean weight was 1484.17 ± 532.9 gram and mean duration of hospital stay was 14.52 ± 6.6 days. ROP was noted in 20 (33%) patients. Grade I ROP was noted in 11 (55%) patients followed by grade II 7 (35%) and grade III in 2 (10%) patients. Very low birth weight (VLBW), longer duration of oxygen supplementation and male gender were found to be significantly associated (p value < 0.05) with ROP while other variables turned out to be insignificant. Conclusion: Association and risk factors of ROP in LBW infants is high and most of the cases were found with grade I ROP. ROP developed in all very premature infants. Significant association of ROP was noted with VLBW, prolonged duration of oxygen supplementation and male gender. Article Citation: Ali MA, Anwar M, Naeem MM. Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP); association with risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) of in-hospital newborns of low birth weight (lbw) in tertiary care hospital. Professional Med J 2019; 26(4):669-673. Professional Med J 2019;26(4):669-673. www.theprofesional.com RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY (ROP) 670 2 12. Kumar P, Sankar MJ, Deorari A, Azad R, Chandra P, Aqarwal R, et al. Risk factors for severe retinopathy Professional Med J 2019;26(4):669-673. www.theprofesional.com RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY (ROP) 673 5
ABSTRACT… Introduction: Out of 130 million births, about four million infants die in the first four weeks of their life. Birth asphyxia is a major cause of neonatal deaths in developing countries. Birth asphyxia is estimated to account for approximately 25% of neonatal mortality worldwide. Allopurinol is a cheap and freely available medicine whereas other management options are not widely used. Objectives: To analyze the short-term outcome between allopurinol-treated and non-allopurinol-treated asphyxiated neonates. Study Design: A randomized controlled study. Setting: Pediatric unit 2, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur. Duration of Study: This study was conducted from March 2015 to September 2015. Materials and Methods: A total of 62 (31 in allopurinol and 31 in non allopurinon treated group) infants having admitted within 6 hours after birth with gestational age > 36 weeks. All were suffering from stage-2 hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, lethargy, hypotonia, flexion posture. All were having hyperactive tendon reflexes and poor moro reflex. All the admitted neonates were managed and followed up to to 7 days of admission to note the need of anti-convulsants, conscious level and length of admission in intensive care unit (< 7 days or > 7 days). Neonates who died during the stay were noted and compared between both the groups. Results: Out of 62 infants, there were 34 (54.8%) males and 28 (45.2%) females. Mean gestational age was 37.90 weeks while mean weight of newborn infants was 2.75 kg. Overall Mortality was noted in 6 (9.68%) infants. When both groups were compared, no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of sex, gestational age, birth weight or mortality (p value > 0.05). Conclusion: Short-term outcome in terms of mortality between allopurinol-treated and conventional treatment asphyxiated neonates was found to be 6.5 vs 12.9%. Key words:Birth asphyxia, cerebral palsy, neuro-developmental delay, allopurinol, mortality. Article Citation: Amin M, Saleem M, Shamas-un-Nisa, Naeem MM, Anwar-ul-Haq HM. Birth asphyxia; short-term outcome of neonates treated with allopurinol.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of hypothyroidism among children with β-thalassemia major. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of the Study: The Department of Hematological Disorder, Thalassemia and Bone Marrow Transplantation Centre, and Department of Biochemistry, Bahawal-Victoria Hospital, Quaid e Azam Medical College”, Bahawalpur, Pakistan from 1st January 2021 to 31st December 2021. Methodology: A total of 125 children of both genders (2 to 18 years) with diagnosis of β-thalassemia major were analyzed. Two ml blood sample under strict aseptic conditions was obtained from every study participant and sent to Institutional Pathological Laboratory for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), T3, and T4. Results: In a total of 125 children with β-thalassemia major, 78 (62.4%) were male. Overall, mean age was 8.57±4.75 years while 57 (45.6%) children were aged between 6 to 10 years. Residential status of 84 (67.2%) children was rural. Parental consanguineous marriages were reported in 91 (72.8%) patients. Mean TSH, T3 and T4 levels were calculated to be 3.27±1.38 pmol/L, 4.71±0.75 pmol/L and 11.80±2.38 pmol/L respectively. Hypothyroidism was noticed in 38 (30.4%) children. Conclusion: Prevalence of hypothyroidism in children with β-thalassemia major was high. Early identification and management of hypothyroidism in β-thalassemia major may improve overall quality of life among these affected children Keywords: Β-thalassemia major, hypothyroidism, thyroid-stimulating hormone.
Objectives: Recent years have seen advances in respiratory supports for meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) but pneumothorax (PTX) still stands a significant indicator of disease severity. This study was aimed to determine the frequency of PTX in newborn with meconium aspiration. Study Design: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Pediatric Medicine, Unit 1, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur, and Department of Pediatric Medicine, Ghazi Khan Medical College/Hospital, Dera Ghazi Khan. Period: 1st June 2017 to 30th September 2018. Material and Methods: A total of 736 patients with meconium aspiration of age 1-28 days and both genders were included. Patients with congenital heart anomalies and preterm infants were excluded. Presence or absence of PTX in each patient was noted. Results: Age range in this study was from 1 to 28 days with mean age of 12.80 ± 6.52 days. Majority of the patients 434 (58.97%) were between 1 to 14 days of age. Out of the 736 patients, 394 (53.53%) were male and 342 (46.47%) were females with male to female ratio of 1.2:1. Frequency of PTX in newborn with meconium aspiration was found in 176 (23.91%) patients. Conclusion: Frequency of PTX in newborn with meconium aspiration is quite high. In every newborn with meconium aspiration, proper management should be done for early prevention as well as taking therapeutic measures in this particular population.
Objectives: The objective was to study breast feeding practices in children with sepsis admitted in intensive care unit of Children Hospital, Lahore. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Setting: Medical Intensive Care Unit of The Children Hospital and Institute of Child Health Lahore. Period: From June 2018 to December 2018. Material & Methods: Considering 95% confidence level, 7.5% margin of error and the expected percentage of bottle feeding children i.e. 27% (least among both) feeding types in children with sepsis admitted in ICU, a sample size of 140 children was taken. All the patients from 6 month to 2 years of age and either gender admitted in medical ICU with sepsis were included in the study through non-probability consecutive sampling. After taking an informed written consent from caregiver, a preformed and pre-tested questionnaire was used for data collection. Diagnosis of sepsis as based upon the criteria for SIRS. Exclusively breastfed children for first 6 months of life were classified as ‘breastfed’. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 22 and Chi-square test. P value < 0.05 was taken as significant. Results: Total 140 children were included in the study with the mean age of 14.64 ± 5.26 months. In this study, 47 (33.57%) children were found breast fed while 93 (66.43%) children were not breast fed as per history. Conclusion: The study concluded that breast feeding practice is uncommon in children admitted in intensive care unit with sepsis and breastfeeding was found to be significantly associated with maternal education and gender of the child.
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