We find a new vacuum of the Bethe ansatz solutions in the massless Thirring
model. This vacuum breaks the chiral symmetry and has the lower energy than the
well-known symmetric vacuum energy. Further, we evaluate the energy spectrum of
the one particle-one hole ($1p-1h$) states, and find that it has a finite gap.
The analytical expressions for the true vacuum as well as for the lowest
$1p-1h$ excited state are also found. Further, we examine the bosonization of
the massless Thirring model and prove that the well-known procedure of
bosonization of the massless Thirring model is incomplete because of the lack
of the zero mode in the boson field.Comment: 7 page
SummaryPlatelet-activating factor (PAF) acetylhydrolase is an enzyme that inactivates PAF. Deficiency of this enzyme is caused by a missense mutation in the gene. We previously found a higher prevalence of this mutation in patients with ischemic stroke. This fact suggests that the mutation might enhance the risk for stroke through its association with hypertension. We have addressed this hypothesis by analyzing the prevalence of the mutation in hypertension. We studied 138 patients with essential hypertension, 99 patients with brain hemorrhage, and 270 healthy controls. Genomic DNA was analyzed for the mutant allele by the polymerase-chain reaction. The prevalence of the mutation was 29.3% (27.4% heterozygotes and 1.9% homozygotes) in controls and 36.2% in hypertensives and the difference was not significant. The prevalence in patients with brain hemorrhage was significantly higher than the control: 32.6% heterozygotes and 6.1% homozygotes (p <0.05). PAF acetylhydrolase deficiency may be a genetic risk factor for vascular diseases.
We present a generalization of Schiff's transformation of electric dipole moments (EDM) in quantum field theory. Under the unitary transformation, the time and parity violating interaction i ge 2ψ σ µν γ 5 ψF µν is transformed into a new form, but its nonrelativistic reduction has a unique form to which Schiff's theorem does not apply. The relativistic corrections to the new EDM operator slightly increase the EDM, as given by b 2 (αZ) 2 with b 2 2. It is thus seen that the calculation of the EDM with nonrelativistic Hartree-Fock wave functions presents a conservative but reliable estimation for the enhancement factor of the EDM in atoms.
The bound state spectrum of the massive Thirring model is studied in the framework of the canonical quantization in the rest frame. First, we quantize the field with the massless free fermion basis states. Then, we make a Bogoliubov transformation. This leads to the natural mass renormalization. The bound state spectrum is analytically solved by the qq Fock space. It is found that the spectrum has the right behavior both for the weak and for the strong coupling limits after the appropriate wave function regularization. This regularization is quite clear and the treatment is self-consistent for the bound state problem compared to other regularizations. Further, we show that the interaction between qq bosons is always repulsive and therefore there is no bound state in the four fermion (qqq q ) Fock space. This confirms that there is only one bound state in the massive Thirring model.
We present a counterexample which shows the violation of the S-matrix factorization in the massive Thirring model. This is done by solving the PBC equations of the massive Thirring model exactly but numerically. The violation of the S-matrix factorization is related to the fact that the crossing symmetry and the factorization do not commute with each other. This confirms that the soliton-antisoliton S-matrix factorization picture of the sine-Gordon model is semiclassical and does not lead to a full quantization procedure of the massive Thirring model. ͓S0556-2821͑98͒06122-0͔
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