Improving the antibacterial
activity to avoid infections and keeping
the biocompatibility at a safe level of HAp-based materials is highly
important for biomedical applications. In this work, we investigate
the antibacterial activity of 2.5Ag/2.5Mg co-doped HAp and 2.5Ag/2.5Zn
co-doped HAp toward
Escherichia coli
bacteria. Moreover, their biocompatibility for osteoblastic cells
(MC3T3-E1 cells) was also evaluated. The physical properties were
characterized with necessary characterization tools such as X-ray
diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy,
and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller. Both 2.5Ag/2.5Mg and 2.5Ag/2.5Zn
co-doped HAp consist of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and beta calcium triphosphate
(β-TCP) phases. The antibacterial test reveals that 2.5Ag/2.5Mg
co-doped HAp or 2.5Ag/2.5Zn co-doped HAp has an outstanding antibacterial
activity with a killing rate of 99 ± 1%. More importantly, the
cell viability for osteoblast cells with 2.5Ag/2.5Mg and 2.5Ag/2.5Zn
co-doped HAp promotes the proliferation much more effectively than
2.5Ag-doped HAp or 5Ag-doped HAp.
The nanobentonite has been synthesized from natural bentonite taken from Tapanuli Utara, Indonesia using coprecipitation method with various solvents (HCl, H2SO4, and HNO3). Its properties as a metal adsorbent were investigated by Atomic Adsorption Spectrophotometry. X-Ray Diffraction analysis revealed that the bentonite produced is in nanometer scale. The characterization results obtained from the SiO2single phase with highest dhkl was at millier index (101) with 2 of 21.9o, 22.0o, 22.07o respectively. The results of Microscope-Scanning Electron Energy analysis of nanobentonite dispersion indicated a reduction in agglomeration and finer nanobentonite surface. The Surface Area Analyzer results showed the SBET nanobentonite for solvent variation of HCL, H2SO4, and HNO3 respectively were 731.76 m2/g, 868.11 m2/g, 493.97 m2/ g. Lastly, Atomic Adsorption Spectrophotometric test showed that the optimal absorption of the metal content possessed by variety of HCl and nanobentonites with adsorption power of 91.16% for Pb, 76.39% for Cu, and 82.74% Co.
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