Inhibition of nuclear factor kappaB activation by IkappaBSR gene transfer improves transplanted lung graft oxygenation, decreases pulmonary edema and neutrophil sequestration, and reduces apoptotic cell death after experimental lung transplantation.

Purpose: Several small studies have reported that acute exacerbation (AE) of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) can occur after lung resection for patients with non-small cell lung cancer, though the incidence rate is unclear. Methods: We examined our institutional data and performed a search of the MEDLINE database for publications regarding AE of IIP following surgery for lung cancer. Studies reporting the incidence rates of IIP and AE were included. Results: Eleven studies including our institutional data were determined to be eligible. Seven studies designated the incidence of IIP. Of 4749 patients (from 7 studies) who underwent lung resection for NSCLC, 277 had IIP, for an incidence rate of 5.8% (range 1.1%-11.7%). Eleven studies designated the incidence of AE from IIP patient, 67 (15.8%) of 424 IIP patients (from 11 studies) developed AE after surgery, of whom 38 (56.7%) died during the postoperative course. Conclusion: Coexistent IIP in patients with lung cancer increases the risk of lung cancer surgery. Furthermore, AE of IIP may be a major cause of operation-related death.

Objective: Intraoperative diagnosis of lymph node (LN) metastasis is critical in lung cancer patients. The one-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) assay is a novel technique using a loop-mediated isothermal amplification method of gene amplification. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the OSNA assay provides sufficient diagnosis of LN metastasis in lung cancer patients. Methods: A total of 40 LN stations were dissected from the 20 patients, who had curative lobectomy for lung cancer. The cut halves of LNs were used for pathological diagnosis, and other halves were for the OSNA assay. The OSNA assay used cytokeratin (CK) 19 mRNA as a marker. The CK19 mRNA copy number was detected using RD-100i (Sysmex Corp., Hyogo, Japan). One formalin-fixed section with the largest cutting surface of the other halves of LNs was used for pathological examination. When discordance was observed between OSNA assay and usual pathological examination, an additional examination using 1-mm interval sections was performed. Results: In the forty LN stations, three stations were diagnosed as LN metastasis positive pathologically. In these three, the OSNA assays showed extremely high numbers of CK19 mRNA copies. When the cutoff value was set to 250 copies/µl, 4 stations with relatively low copy numbers were found to be discordant. Of the 4 discordant cases, one was shown to be micro-metastasis positive in the additional pathological assessment. The sensitivity of the OSNA assay was 100.0%, and its specificity was 91.7%. Conclusions: This method could be applied to intraoperative assessment LNs metastasis.

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