Elevated blood glucose during the luteal phase may increase insulin-independent glucose disposal. Some individuals appear more responsive to menstrual cycle effects on insulin sensitivity. Women should be encouraged to use available self-monitoring technology to identify possible cyclical variations in blood glucose that might require clinician review and insulin dosage adjustments.

Background-Asthmatics often report the triggering or exacerbation of respiratory symptoms following exposure to airborne irritants, which in some cases may result from stimulation of irritant receptors in the upper airways inducing reflexive broncho-constriction. Ammonia (NH 3 ) is a common constituent of commercially available household products, and in high concentration has the potential to elicit sensory irritation in the eyes and upper respiratory tract of humans. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the irritation potential of ammonia in asthmatics and healthy volunteers and to determine whether differences in nasal or ocular irritant sensitivity to ammonia between these two groups could account for the exacerbation of symptoms reported by asthmatics following exposure to an irritant.

Objective-The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate possible differences in insulin sensitivity, food intake, and cravings between the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle in women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS).Methods-Subjects were screened for PMS using the Penn Daily Symptom Rating (DSR) scale. Each subject had two overnight admissions (once in each cycle phase) to the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. They performed 3-day diet histories prior to each hospitalization. After admission, subjects received dinner and a snack, then were fasted until morning, when they underwent a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIGT). Insulin sensitivity was determined by Minimal Model analysis. Blinded analysis of diet histories and inpatient food intake was performed by a registered dietitian.Results-There was no difference found in insulin sensitivity between cycle phases (n = 7). There were also no differences in proportions of macronutrients or total kilocalories by cycle phase, despite a marked difference in food cravings between cycle phase, with increased food cravings noted in the luteal phase (p = 0.002). Total DSR symptom scores decreased from a mean of 186 (± 29.0) in the luteal phase to 16.6 (± 14.2) in the follicular phase. Women in this study consumed relatively high proportions of carbohydrates (55%-64%) in both cycle phases measured.Conclusions-These findings reinforce the suggestion that although the symptom complaints of PMS are primarily confined to the luteal phase, the neuroendocrine background for this disorder may be consistent across menstrual cycle phases.

Prolonged mild hyperinsulinemia disrupts the circadian rhythm of cardiac autonomic activity. Early changes in the neural control of cardiac activity may provide a potential mechanism mediating the pathophysiological link between impaired glucose tolerance and cardiovascular disease.

Experimentally-induced hyperglycemia by prolonged glucose infusion allows investigation of the effects of sustained stimulation of the pancreatic β-cell on insulin secretion and sensitivity. Hormonal responses to a meal following prolonged glucose infusions have not been investigated. To determine if a 48-h glucose infusion alters hormonal responses to a test meal as well as food intake and hunger in normal weight individuals, 16 subjects (8 men, 8 women, age 18-30 y, mean BMI=21.7±1.6 kg/ m 2 ) were infused for 48-h with either saline (50 ml/h) or 15% glucose (200 mg/m 2 /min). Subjects ingested a 600 kcal mixed nutrient meal 3-h after infusion termination. Blood samples were taken during the 48-h and for 4 hours following food ingestion. The 48-h glucose infusion elicited a metabolic profile of a glucose intolerant obese subjects, with increased plasma glucose, insulin and leptin (all P<0.01) and increased HOMA-IR (P<0.001). During meal ingestion, early insulin secretion was increased (P<0.05) but postprandial glucose (P<0.01) and insulin (P<0.01) excursions were lower following the glucose infusion. Postprandial plasma triglyceride concentrations were increased after glucose compared with saline. Food intake and hunger ratings were not different between the two conditions. Plasma leptin levels were inversely correlated with hunger (P<0.03) in both conditions and with food intake (P<0.003) during the glucose condition only. Thus, a 48-h glucose infusion does not impair postprandial hormonal responses, alter food intake or hunger in normal weight subjects. The glucose-induced increases in plasma leptin result in a stronger inverse relationship between plasma leptin and hunger as well as food intake. These data are the first to demonstrate a relationship between leptin and hunger in normal weight, non-calorically restricted human subjects.

Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma (HSTCL) is a rare, aggressive type of peripheral T-cell lymphoma that is characterised by extranodal disease, with infiltration and proliferation of malignant T-cells within the liver, spleen and bone marrow. The authors report the case of a young immunocompetent man, who was admitted to the hospital with a history of prolonged, unexplained fever, fatigue and weight loss. Initial blood work showed mild pancytopaenia and imaging studies revealed hepatosplenomegaly. The diagnosis was challenging, initially mimicking infectious disease, and it required an extensive investigation that ultimately revealed the characteristic clinical, histopathological and cytogenetic features of HSTCL. The clinical course was aggressive, and despite multiagent chemotherapy, the patient died 4 months after the diagnosis. This case highlights the difficulty of diagnosing HSTCL and the importance of considering it in a differential diagnosis of hepatosplenomegaly in young men who present with constitutional symptoms and no lymphadenopathy.

Background Hyperlactatemia is defined by a lactate concentration of >2 mmol/L, and a lactate concentration of above >4 mmol/L is commonly used to define severe hyperlactatemia. It is a common disorder in critically ill patients and is associated with adverse prognosis. Diabetes mellitus(DM) can also be associated with increased lactate levels at baseline. In this study, we aimed to document the development of severe hyperlactatemia in acute situations among patients with and without DM, to analyze potential contributors to lactate elevation and their impact on mortality, and to analyze whether lactate concentrations of >4 mmol/L have equal prognostic significance in patients with and without DM. Methodology A retrospective, cross-sectional study was performed among patients admitted to our internal medicine wards in the context of acute disease with lactate concentrations of ​​≥2 mmol/L. Data were collected regarding age, sex, highest lactate concentrations, cause of hyperlactatemia, DM, and mortality. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 23. Results In total, 151 patients with lactate levels of ≥2 mmol/L were analyzed. The mean age of the patients was 78.2 ± 14.9 years, and 55% of the patients were female. Overall, 55.6% of the patients had DM, as well as higher lactatemia of 6.3 ± 3.4 mmol/L (vs 5.1 ± 3.2 in non-DM patients, p = 0.003), with the majority reaching values of >4 mmol/L (vs 34.8% in non-DM patients). When potential contributors to the development of severe hyperlactatemia (lactate >4 mmol/L) were analyzed in DM patients, metformin consumption concomitantly with factors potentiating its accumulation, sepsis/septic shock, ischemia, and neoplasia were the most frequently identified contributors. In non-DM patients, the three former factors were also the most frequently reported. The 30-day mortality rate was 25.82%, with deceased patients also displaying a higher lactatemia of 6.5 ± 3.2 mmol/L (vs. 5.5 ± 3.3 mmol/L in patients who survived) (p = 0.037). In multivariate analysis, lactate values of >4 mmol/L were an independent predictor of mortality in the entire sample and in the subgroup without DM, but not in DM patients. Conclusions In our sample, patients with DM had higher lactate levels than non-DM patients. Our analysis raises the possibility that the same lactate values may not have equal capacity to assess prognosis in acute situations in patients with and without DM. Large-scale studies are needed to optimize cut-off points for lactatemia in patients with high baseline values, such as DM patients.

ФГБОУ ВО «Смоленский государственный медицинский университет» МЗ РФ, г. Смоленск, Россия 2 ФГБОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н. И. Пирогова» МЗ РФ, Москва, Россия Цель: изучение влияния экстракорпоральной гемокоррекции на оксидативный стресс и антиоксидантную защиту организма у больных абдоминальным сепсисом� Материал и методы. Обследовано 46 больных� Все пациенты были разделены на две группы� Больным основной группы (n = 23), наряду со стандартной интенсивной терапией и активной детоксикацией (продленной вено-венозной гемофильтрацией), проводили метаболическую терапию сукцинатсодержащими антиоксидантами� Больные контрольной группы (n = 23) получали стандартную интенсивную терапию и активную детоксикацию� Исследование проводили в пять этапов: до гемофильтрации, а также через 1 сут, 3, 5 и 7 сут после ее начала� Результаты. Установлено, что на последнем этапе изучаемые показатели в основной группе отличались от таковых в контрольной, достигая нормальных значений� В контрольной группе существенное улучшение указанных показателей наблюдалось только на V этапе� Вывод. Сочетанное применение традиционной терапии сепсиса, активной детоксикации и метаболической протекторной терапии сукцинатсодержащими антигипоксантами приводит к более быстрому купированию оксидативного стресса, раннему восстановлению активности системы антиоксидантной защиты и нормализации газообмена в легких� Ключевые слова: абдоминальный сепсис, острый респираторный дистресс-синдром, оксидативный стресс, система антиоксидантной защиты организма Для цитирования: Петров В� С�, Петрова М� М�, Свиридов С� В�, Сурменев Д� В� Экстракорпоральная гемокоррекция и ее влияние на свободнорадикальное окисление и антиоксидантную защиту при абдоминальном сепсисе // Вестник анестезиологии и реаниматологии�-2018�-Т� 15, № 1�-С� 40-45�