Pravo na
zaštitu osobnih podataka priznato je kao temeljno pravo u članku 8. Povelje
Europske unije o temeljnim pravima. Od kraja svibnja 2018. godine u svim se
državama članicama izravno primjenjuje Opća uredba o zaštiti podataka, kojom je
zaštita osobnih podataka potpuno europeizirana i ukinuti su do tada postojeći
različiti sustavi njihove zaštite u nacionalnim pravnim sustavima. Uredba je
izazvala veliki interes u javnosti, primarno zbog bitno pojačanih nadzornih
ovlasti tijela za zaštitu osobnih podataka i visine upravnih novčanih kazni
koje se za kršenje njenih odredbi mogu izricati. Uredba u članku 82. donosi i
novo uređenje odgovornosti za takvim kršenjem prouzročenu štetu, od kojeg se
također očekuje da potencijalne štetnike odvrati od protupravne obrade osobnih podataka. Budući da je isključena primjena nacionalnih pravila o
odgovornosti za štetu, došlo je do pomaka k nešto strožoj odgovornosti (težem
oslobođenju od odgovornosti), povećan je broj potencijalno odgovornih osoba, uz
solidarnu odgovornost voditelja i izvršitelja obrade, a ostavljena je i
mogućnost vrlo širokog tumačenja pojma oštećenika te je izričito priznato pravo
na naknadu neimovinske štete (do tada priznato u rijetkim nacionalnim
sustavima).
The authors deal with the issue of
possible liability of auditors for damage caused to third parties
(shareholders, creditors, potential investors...) by performing a statutory
audit. They present some of the comparative solutions to these issues and the
changes at the European jurisdiction caused by major financial scandals at the
beginning of this century. The main objective of Directive 2014/56 / EU is to
strengthen the public-law supervision of auditors and their services, which
should enhance the quality of their services and the confidence of third
parties in their work. There are a number of rules of auditor’s professional
standards and ethical rules, raised to the level of regulation. The
professional skepticism and independence of auditors, the underlying assumption
that the auditor’s opinion is not misleading, are particularly pronounced. The
professional skepticism and independence of auditors are particularly
pronounced, the underlying assumption that the auditor’s opinion is not
misleading. However, the responsibility for providing financial information is
at the management of the audited entities, and the auditors only actively
question this information, not affirming them. Third parties are often unaware
of the limitations of an audit which lead to an expectation gap. In Croatia
there are no specific rules on auditors’ liability for damage and according to
general rules liability is unlimited, to the audited company and to third
parties.
In European Union, the right to personal data protection is recognized as one of the fundamental rights. The increasing availability of personal data to private and public entities and the possibility of their rapid and global exchange and use entail the risk of their unauthorized collection, processing and transfer. The General Data Protection Regulation will begin to apply on May 25, 2018. It is fully binding and directly applicable in all Member States. This paper deals with some issues of liability for damage due to violation of General Data Protection Regulation. Focus is on changes that could be brought in the Croatian law, regarding liability rules for infringements of personal data protection.
The paper deals with the issue of using genetic tests for insurance purposes. After introductory remarks, the paper provides an overview of various international and European legal sources both on data protection in general, and on the protection of data from genetic tests. The paper then researches into different solutions proposed by comparative law concerning the use of data from genetic tests for insurance purposes. Some solutions explicitly ban the use of genetic tests for insurance purposes (France, Austria, Portugal, Croatia), while others adopt a more liberal approach, allowing for its use (the USA, the UK, Germany). It is concluded that personal data protection does not exclude the possibility using data from genetic tests for insurance purposes, which proves the need for a common EU approach to the issue.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.