Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused mainly by Fusarium graminearum, is best controlled with demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides during flowering. However, the use of premixes of DMI and quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicides to control FHB has increased in Brazil. Data on FHB severity and wheat yields measured in field experiments conducted in Brazil were gathered from both peer- and non-peer-reviewed sources published from 2000 to 2018. After applying selection criteria, 73 field trials from 35 bibliographic sources were identified, among which 50% of the data were obtained from cooperative network trials conducted after 2011. To be included in the analysis, a DMI+QoI premixes or tebuconazole (TEB) were tested in at least 14 trials and three years. Four premixes met the criteria. Estimates of percent control (and respective 95% confidence interval) by a network model fitted to the log of the treatment means ranged from 44.1% (pyraclostrobin + metconazole applied once; 32.4 to 53.7) to 64.3% (pyraclostrobin + metconazole; 58.4 to 69.3); the latter not differing from TEB (59.9%, 53.6 to 65.3). Yield response was statistically similar for pyraclostrobin + metconazole (532.1 kg/ha, 441 to 623) and trifloxystrobin + prothioconazole (494.9 kg/ha, 385 to 551), and both differed statistically from a group composed of TEB (448.2 kg/ha, 342 to 554), trifloxystrobin + TEB (468.2 kg/ha, 385 to 551), azoxystrobin + TEB (462.4 kg/ha, 366 to 558) and pyraclostrobin + metconazole applied once (413.7 kg/ha, 308 to 518). The two categories of FHB index (7% cut off) and yield (3,000 kg/ha cut off), both in the non-treated check, did not explain the heterogeneity in the estimates. Two sequential sprays of TEB or one spray of pyraclostrobin + metconazole as management choices are likely more profitable than DIM+QoI premixes sprayed twice during flowering considering only the fungicide effects on yield.
Fusarium head blight (FHB) and wheat yield data were gathered from fungicide trials to explore their relationship. Thirty-seven studies over 9 years and 11 locations met the criteria for inclusion in the analysis: FHB index in the untreated check ≥ 5% and the range of index in a trial ≥ 4 percentage points. These studies were grouped into two baseline yields, low (Yl ≤ 3,631 kg ha−1) or high (Yh > 3,631 kg ha−1), defined based on the median of maximum yields across trials. Attainable (disease-free) yields and FHB index were predicted using a wheat crop and a disease model, respectively, in 280 simulated trials (10 planting dates in a 28-year period, 1980 to 2007) for the Passo Fundo location. The damage coefficient was then used to calculate FHB-induced yield loss (penalizing attainable yield) for each experiment. Losses were compared between periods defined as before and after FHB resurge during the early 1990s. Disease reduction from the use of one or two sprays of a triazole fungicide (tebuconazole) was also simulated, based on previous meta-analytic estimates, and the response in yield was used in a profitability analysis. Population-average intercepts but not the slopes differed significantly between Yl (2,883.6 kg ha−1) and Yh (4,419.5 kg ha−1) baseline yields and the damage coefficients were 1.60%−1 and 1.05%−1, respectively. The magnitudes and trends of simulated yield losses were in general agreement with literature reports. The risk of not offsetting the costs of one or two fungicide sprays was generally higher (>0.75) prior to FHB resurgence but fungicide profitability tended to increase in recent years, depending on the year. Our simulations allowed us to reproduce trends in historical losses, and may be further adjusted to test the effect and profitability of different control measures (host resistance, other fungicides, etc.) on quality parameters such as test weight and mycotoxin contamination, should the information become available.
Fusarium graminearum is ranked among the five most destructive fungal pathogens that affect agroecosystems. It causes floral diseases in small grain cereals including wheat, barley and oats, as well as maize and rice. We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed studies reporting species within the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) and created two main data tables. The first contained summarized data from the articles including bibliographic, geographic, methodological (ID methods), host of origin and species, while the second data table contains information about the described strains such as publication, isolate code(s), host/substrate, year of isolation, geographical coordinates, species and trichothecene genotype. Analyses of the bibliographic data obtained from 123 publications from 2000 to 2021 by 498 unique authors and published in 40 journals are summarized. We describe the frequency of species and chemotypes for 16,274 strains for which geographical information was available, either provided as raw data or extracted from the publications, and sampled across six continents and 32 countries. The database and interactive interface are publicly available allowing for searches, summarization and mapping of strains according to several criteria including article, country, host, species and trichothecene genotype. The database will be updated as new articles are published and should be useful for guiding future surveys and exploring factors associated with species distribution such as climate and land use. Authors are encouraged to submit data at the strain level to the database, which is accessible at https://fgsc.netlify.app/.
Em experimento de campo nos anos de 2011, 2012 e 2013 quantificou-se a flutuação de esporângios de Peronospora destructore sua relação com a severidade de míldio em cebola. Mudas de cebola do cultivar Bola Precoce foram transplantadas em quatro repetições de 60 plantas. Os esporângios foram coletados através de um coletor de esporos tipo "cata-vento", contendo uma lâmina de microscópio untada com vaselina, a qual era quantificada semanalmente com auxílio de microscópio. A severidade da doença foi analisada através da porcentagem de área foliar afetada pela doença. O número de esporângios e a severidade do míldio da cebola foram submetidos ao cálculo do coeficiente de correlação linear de Pearson (r). Nos anos de 2011 e 2012 a coleta de esporângios ocorreu posteriormente à constatação da doença, provavelmente devido haver baixo inóculo no ar. Já no ano de 2013 a coleta de esporângios ocorreu anteriormente à ocorrência da doença, porém de forma esporádica e em pequena quantidade, presupondo que esses estavam no ar e foram capturados pelo coletor. A correlação entre as variáveis flutuações de esporângios e a severidade da doença foi significativa, r=0,90, r=0,94 e r=0,80; para os anos de 2011, 2012 e 2013 respectivamente. A severidade da doença em cebola é influenciada pela presença dos esporângios coletadas do ar.
RESUMO No presente trabalho foram estudadas, em condições controladas para o desenvolvimento de um modelo climático baseado na influência da temperatura (10, 15, 20 e 25°C) e da duração do molhamento foliar (6, 12, 24 e 48 horas) na severidade do míldio da cebola incitado por Peronospora destructor. A densidade relativa de lesões foi influenciada pela temperatura e pela duração do molhamento foliar (P<0,05). A doença foi mais severa na temperatura de 15°C. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de regressão não linear. A função beta generalizada foi usada para ajuste dos dados de severidade e temperatura, enquanto uma função logística foi escolhida para representar o efeito do molhamento foliar na severidade do míldio da cebola. A superfície de resposta obtida pelo produto das duas funções foi expressa por SE = 0,1506 * (((x-8)0,0614) * ((30-x)0,1419)) * (0,71642/(1+0,56954 * exp (-0,04460*y))), onde SE, representa o valor da severidade estimada (0,1); x, a temperatura (ºC) e y, o molhamento foliar (horas). Este modelo climático deverá ser validado em condições de campo para aferir o seu emprego como um sistema de previsão computacional para o míldio da cebola
RESUMO A produção de mudas de cebola na região do Alto Vale do Itajaí, SC ocorre predominantemente através de canteiros, onde as plantas ficam expostas aos fatores bióticos e abióticos que influenciam diretamente na sanidade foliar e no seu rendimento. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da cobertura dos canteiros com túnel baixo sobre o rendimento e a intensidade de doenças foliares. Os experimentos foram realizados nos anos de 2012 e 2013 no Instituto Federal Catarinense, Campus de Rio do Sul, SC. Os tratamentos foram com e sem o uso de túnel baixo. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições e dez plantas avaliadas em cada repetição. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste F e se significativos comparados pelo teste de Tukey 5%. A massa fresca da parte aérea com o uso do túnel foram superiores em relação ao sistema convencional em 127,38% e 125,40% no ano de 2012 e 2013 respectivamente. Em 2012 ocorreu uma diferença de 42,88% na área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD) da queima das pontas e no ano de 2013 uma diferença de 87,27% e 85% na AACPD e severidade final respectivamente para o míldio. As mudas produzidas em canteiros com túnel baixo apresentaram superioridade no rendimento e sanidade foliar em relação às obtidas no sistema de produção convencional.
Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by theFusarium graminearumspecies complex, is a serious disease of wheat in Brazil. A review of literature on fungicide efficacy for field trials evaluated in Brazil was conducted to obtain FHB-yield data and explore their relationship. Thirty-seven studies (9 years and 11 locations) met the criteria for inclusion (FHB index ≥ 5% and max-min range ≥ 4 percent points [p.p.]). Studies were group into two production situations: low (Yl≤ 3,631 kg ha−1) or high (Yh> 3,631 kg ha−1) yield, based on the median of maximum yields across trials. Population-average intercepts, but not the slopes, from fitting a random-coefficients model, differed significantly betweenYl(2,883.6 kg ha−1) andYh(4,419.5 kg ha−1). The calculated damage coefficient was 1.05 %−1and 1.60 %−1forYhandYl, respectively. A crop model simulated attainable wheat yields for 10 planting dates within each year during a 28-year period, including prior (1980-1989) and after (1990-2007) FHB resurgence. Simulated losses using disease predictions to penalize yield were in general agreement in magnitude with literature reports, for both periods. Economic analysis for scenarios of variable fungicide costs and wheat prices, and one versus two sprays of tebuconazole, showed that the probability of not-offsetting the costs was higher (> 0.75) prior to FHB resurgence than after the 1990. Our approach may be useful for designing of longlasting, yet profitable, contingency tactics to management FHB in wheat. Currently one spray of triazole fungicide during flowering is more likely a profitable decision than applying two sprays, for which there is greater uncertainty.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
334 Leonard St
Brooklyn, NY 11211
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.