Sau M., Chakraborty M., Das R. and Mukherjee S. 2018. Effect of multiple adjoining habitats on avifaunal diversity in an agriculture based-wetland adjacent to the Hooghly River, West Bengal, India. Ring 40: 59-92.
This study was conducted on four plots having a cluster of different combinations of forest, wetland, and agricultural land, as well as a single marshland habitat near the river Hooghly. We obtained 17,817 counts for 150 species in 32 days of year-round sampling. The wetland-agricultural land associated with forest had the highest species diversity (132 species, Shannon ̄H – 1.63), heterogeneity (Shannon J’ – 0.773), and number of unique species (33 species), and the lowest dominance (Simpson Index 1/D – 39.35), in contrast with the marsh, which had the lowest diversity (41 species, Shannon ̄H – 1.39), highest homogeneity (Shannon J’ – 0.863), and a lack of uniqueness. The plot with secondary forest patches between an agricultural field and human settlements showed the highest species dominance (Simpsons Diversity 1/D – 17.465). Species rarity ranged from 68.2% to 77.6% within the area under study. There were 25 species common to all plots, which formed six distinct groups based on their abundance. Carnivores were found to be the dominant foraging guild throughout the habitats. Thirty-two per cent of the species are migratory, with the families Scolopacidae and Motacillidae predominating. The Jaccard and Sorensen indices reveal the greatest species similarity between the wetlandpisciculture plot and the marshland. These indices together with the hierarchical cluster analysis indicate the uniqueness of the plot of open forest habitat adjoining the wetland, which offers the best living conditions for migratory species. Our study concludes that when a wetland is surrounded by agriculture rather than fisheries, avifaunal diversity increases, whereas forest-associated wetland-farmland maximizes species richness with minimum dominance and hence imparts greater stability to the overall community structure.
Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) are the key ingredients for economic growth of any country. The engineering and manufacturing sector has an important role to play in this development. This sector contributes to around 40% of the industrial production. This also supports the Make in India movement that has been initiated by Government of India. This sector employs around 15 million people as per the recent survey by Government of India, making it the second largest source for employment, after agriculture. The engineering and manufacturing sector also witnessed a steady growth. This sector employs more casual labours than the permanent workers. Their concentration also depends on the availability of resources as well as the infrastructure. The growth and development also depend on the economic and political scenarios. This study concentrates on factors like correlation among employers, employees and other economic factors based on a time series analysis of data gathered from registered MSMEs in India. The time series taken here is simple seasonal time series analysis.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.