Background Previous studies have shown that the minor allele (C allele) for melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) rs17782313 may be associated with depressed mood. Moreover, dietary patterns have potentially adverse effects on depression. This study investigates the interactions between the MC4R gene variant (rs17782313) and dietary patterns on depression among Iranian obese and overweight women. Methods A total of 289 Iranian overweight and obese women, aged 18–50 years, were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Biochemical, anthropometric, and body composition indices were assessed in all participants. Moreover, MC4R rs17782313, by the restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method, and depression, using the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) questionnaire, were assessed. Food intakes were assessed by completing a 147-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Results By the use of factor analysis, 2 major dietary patterns were extracted: healthy dietary pattern (HDP) and unhealthy dietary pattern (UDP). Binary logistic analysis showed that individuals with minor allele risk (CC) with high adherence to the unhealthy pattern increased odds for depression (OR: 8.77, 95%CI: -0.86-18.40, P: 0.07), after controlling for confounders. Also, a logical inverse relationship was observed between CT genotype and HDP on depression in the crude and adjusted models (OR: -0.56, 95% CI: -3.69-2.57, P: 0.72) (OR: -4.17, 95% CI: -9.28-0.94, P: 0.11), although this interaction was not statistically significant. Conclusion According to the above findings, adherence to unhealthy food intake pattern increases odds of depression in MC4R risk allele (C allele) carriers. To confirm these findings, more studies are needed in the form of clinical trials and prospective studies with higher sample sizes.
Background Migraine is a common brain disorder with pain characteristics that can be defined by moderate to severe unilateral throbbing pain, worsening in physical activity, and can be associated with nausea. Migraine headaches can be caused by numerous factors, including diet. This study aimed to assess the association of adherence to Alternative Healthy Diet Index (AHEI) and severity, disability, duration, and frequency of migraine headache. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 266 women (18 to 50 years old) who suffered with migraines, who visited the brain and neurology clinics of Khatam al-Anbia and Sina hospitals and the professional headache clinic in Tehran, were selected. Anthropometric measurements and demographic information were collected. Dietary intake in the past year was assessed using a semi-quantitative, 147-item, food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). AHEI was calculated based on FFQ, and episodic migraine was diagnosed by a neurologist. The Migraine Disability Assessments (MIDAS) questionnaire was used to evaluate migraine disability and migraine severity, visual Analog Scale (VAS) questionnaire was used to measure pain, and duration and frequency were ascertained via questionnaire. Results People with high adherence to AHEI, compared with low adherence, had a 43% reduction in headache duration in the crude model (OR = 0.57; 95% CI 0.34, 0.97; P = 0.03), which remained significant after adjusting for potential confounders (OR = 0.56; 95% CI 0.31, 0.99; P = 0.04). However, other variables, VAS, MIDAS and frequency of headache in month, were not significant. Conclusion Regarding the association between migraine headache and AHEI, the results of our study showed that people with high adherence of AHEI had a reduction in duration of migraine. Further studies are suggested to better evaluate and understand this association.
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