Women’s agency and reproductive control directly bear their current pregnancy and future childbearing experiences. This study deals with knowledge construction in childbirth planning. The study is based on a phenomenological approach relying on in-depth interviews of sixty married women of childbearing age who have recently been through the birthing process. Cultural discourses provide an understanding of socio-familial context reinforcing traditional home birthing. Findings indicate that the desire for natural childbirth experience, apprehensions regarding obstetric interventions by medical doctors, emotional support, comfort and assistance provided by female relatives, traditional birth attendants, and their husbands’ preference add to their decision for home birthing. In addition, another determinant was the role of authoritative knowledge and shared experiences of older women that may deprive many young women of the chance to access maternal care in hospitals. The study suggests that rural women effectively utilize reproductive health care services in Pakistan.
Socialization in the post-migration phase has a key role in shaping the behavior of the people towards a new place, culture and phenomenon. The socialization of children after the migration has potential impacts on the diminishing lingual heritage. Migration has radically exposed the younger generation to this challenge threatening the lingual heritage. They, most probably, lose their mother tongue and get socialized in other languages. This study explores the latent hazards faced by migrants from a rural setting and their impacts on the diminishing languages. The methodology of the study was descriptive. In-depth questionnaires were conducted along with a focused group discussion of sample 95 out-migrant families, living in Rawalpindi and Islamabad through a convenient sampling technique. The results from the cross-comparison of three generations show that the majority of the grandparents and parents proudly speak their native languages whereas their children are rapidly getting alienated from the language of their forefather
Amid COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan, the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan announced the closure of all public and private universities and Higher Education Institutes from mid of March 2020. The paper highlights the issues faced by the university faculty in terms of techno-stress due to a lack of pandemic preparedness. The data gathered for this research is qualitative using the exploratory methodology. The methods of the study are In-depth interviews and FGDs. Interview guide and FGD Checklist are tools employed to gather data from the faculty of sixteen Pakistani universities which is sorted thematically and illustrated through descriptive statistics. The findings of the study suggest that the global pandemic has seriously affected the higher education sector in Pakistan. The private universities and the heavily funded public universities have taken off in a bullish mode. However, the public sector universities are coping up in a bearish trend. The faculty's response also corresponds with the transition to online teaching. Besides the university's efforts to ease out learning through an online interface, the majority of the faculty is feeling overburdened with additional responsibilities about online teaching. The study highlights the gap between policymaking and the on-ground situation of the universities in terms of online readiness.
The question of identity lies at the nucleus of literary theory, as well as socio-political discourse. The classification of ones identity is often used to analyze and better understand the work of many authors and their lives. However, the issue that arises regarding these questions is the urge to simplify identity as linear and monolithic. This proves problematic as such an approach overlooks major aspects of the authors works, especially in the case of diasporic literature. It does not suffice to simply consider the multifaceted identities of these writers when categorizing them. The realization, of how these identities not only inform the writings of these people but also introduce into the English language flavors from other languages and cultures, is essential for the progress of a diasporic sensibility. A basic methodology is developed in this paper regarding multidimensional realities in poetry, with Agha Shahid Ali as a case-study, to elaborate on how a diasporic author can use and introduce novel forms into the English language.
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