The identification of less invasive methods with acceptable diagnostic value for evaluating intrauterine abnormalities can improve the satisfaction of patients and physicians. Although hysteroscopy plus biopsy has favorable predictive and diagnostic values, limited studies have evaluated its value, and the exact value of this method is not completely understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of chronic endometritis in patients with recurrent implantation failure (RIF) and recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) by hysteroscopy and immunohistochemistry. Design: A cross-sectional study.

Evaluation of the e fect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) containing platelet-derived growth factor on in vitro fertilization (IVF) failure patients. Methods: In this clinical trial, 80 eligible patients (infertile women with at least two IVF failures) were randomly assigned into two groups, including patients who received an intrauterine infusion of PRP (n: 40) and controls (n: 40). Before PRP therapy, standard hormone replacement therapy was performed for all patients to endometrial thickness preparation. A ter sonographic assessment of endometrium, PRP was injected into all patients' endometrium whether they had an appropriate endometrial thickness or not. Then, the embryo transferring was done through IVF. Eventually, the consequences of fertility, embryo implantation, and pregnancy were evaluated. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 22. Results: The rate of successful IVF [6 (15%)], pregnancy rate [5 (12.5%)], and live birth [5 (12.5%)] were relatively higher in patients undergoing PRP therapy compared with controls [2 (5%), 1 (2.5%) and 0, respectively]. However, their statistical di ference was not significant between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that endometrial injection of platelet-rich plasma for IVF failure patients did not significantly improve the IVF process, pregnancy, and live birth rates.

Assisted reproductive technology methods i.e., IVF and ICSI were extensively used for treatment of infertility. Although, these methods have many advantages but ART pregnancy rate remains low (30%-35%). It seems that uterine peristalsis occurred after rhCG administration in turn resulting to impair implantation of the transferred embryos. Therefore this study was conducted to possess of whether hyoscine bromide can effectively alleviate uterine contraction and then have any effect on the reproductive outcome. Healthy women who underwent IVF or ICSI cycles (n = 142) were randomly assigned to one of two groups at the start of the cycle. Group control (n = 71) without applied hyoscine and group experiment (n = 71) applied hyoscine (25 mg). Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation was induced with follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Sperm preparation and ovarian puncture for in vitro maturation and fertilization (IVF) of oocyte were carried out for 42 hours after rhCG injection. Two weeks after rhCG injection, bhCG pregnancy test to determine pregnancy outcome in both groups was done and the outcome results, along with other information were recorded separately. The pregnancy rate in experimental group was significantly higher than that of control group. when all of the cycles with or without giving 25 mg of hyosine were stratified by the mean total follicles (more/less than 2 follicles) and embryos (more/less than 25 kg/m 2), the Patients' age, the quality grade of embryos and infertility duration (more/less than 5 years), the reproductive outcome, in overall, in the subjects with more than 10 oocytes, 5 embryos, more than quality A and B grades of embryos, less than 35 years age and also less than 5 years infertility duration was more pronounced than the other patients. But the other parameter was not affected by the reproductive outcome. Clinical or statistical improvement of the reproductive outcome could be demonstrated in the hyosine treated group especially with increasing the mean total follicles, embryo, quality of embryo in women with low age and infertility duration. However, further well-designed studies are essential to offer a final conclusion.

We evaluated the effect of insulin resistance and free androgen index (FAI) in non-PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome) infertile women following controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. A prospective study was done on 144 infertile non-PCOS women with regular menstrual cycle. At first, insulin resistance (IR), free androgen index (FAI), PCOM (polycystic ovary morphology), AFC (antral follicle count), and AMH (anti-Müllerian hormone) were assessed. The patients underwent assisted reproductive technology (ART), and then preovulatory follicles and oocytes retrieved were recorded. The variables of the study were compared between two groups of patients with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) (n=66) and non-OHSS patients (n=78). Of the 9 variables: BMI, HOMA-IR, FAI, AFC, AMH, PCOM, and preovulatory follicles were risk factors, while the age and retrieved oocytes were not. The 7 variables that showed significance in the univariate analyses were determined as independent variables included in the multivariable logistic regression analysis, as a result, a total of 5 risk factors, BMI, HOMA-IR, FAI, PCOM, and preovulatory follicles entered the equation. The maximum contribution was HOMA-IR followed by PCOM, FAI, preovulatory follicles and BMI. Patients with OHSS had higher chance to have ovaries with polycystic morphology (74%), about three times more than patients who did not develop OHSS (29%) (p<0.001). The best cut-points for IR, FAI, AFC, AMH, and preovulatry follicles were 2.36, 3.9, 8, 3.3 ng/ml, and 10, respectively. Patients with a higher value of BMI, FAI, HOMA-IR, and preovulatory follicles and the presence of PCOM are more likely to develop OHSS, which are not confined to PCOS patients.

Background: Scorpionism is one of the most important health problems in tropical regions, which unfortunately results in thousands of deaths annually. Pregnant women are potential victims in areas with high scorpion-sting prevalence. Limited medical data are available on the effects of scorpion envenomation in pregnant women. This study aimed to examine the effect of scorpion envenomation on pregnancy outcomes in 66 cases. Methods: The present descriptive/analytical cross-sectional study was performed on 66 scorpion-envenomed pregnant women referred to the clinical toxicology unit of Ahvaz Razi Hospital in Iran during 2015-2017. The variables assessed in all cases, via questionnaire and hospital medical records, were: age, patient residency, gestational week, status of the fetus, laboratory anomalies, clinical severity of envenomation, sting site and scorpion species. Pregnancy outcome (miscarriage, stillbirth, preterm birth, normal delivery) and status of the newborns were also evaluated. Data were analyzed using SPSS® software (version 24.0). Results: The following pregnancy outcomes were recorded from envenomed pregnant women: miscarriage = 1.5% (n = 1), stillbirth = 4.5% (n = 3), preterm birth = 10.6% (n = 7), normal birth = 83% (n = 55). Among participants whose pregnancy led to birth, 11(17.7%) cases had prenatal-neonatal complications. Neonatal complications, including Apgar score less than 8 points at 5 min, were found in 7 (11.3%) preterm birth cases and in 4 (6.4%) normal birth cases, along with birth weight below 2500 g in normal births. A significant relationship was found between adverse pregnancy outcomes and bite location, as well as scorpion species, but no relationship was found with other variables. Conclusion: Envenomation significantly contributes to preterm birth. Moreover, the location of bites and the type of scorpion species have a decisive role in the pregnancy outcome of scorpion-envenomed pregnant women.

The results of the present study showed that administrating intravenous TXA had comparable effects with prostaglandin analogue on reducing PPH in women with uterine atony and in those undergoing C section or vaginal delivery. Therefore, TXA can be used instead of prostaglandin in managing such patients.

In addition to the efficacy of tamoxifen in co-administration with clomiphene citrate, it has promising effects with letrozole in induction of ovulation cycles with or without IUI.

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