This study was aimed to investigate the effects of two probiotics, Bacillus cereus and Pediococcus acidilactici, on the water quality, growth performance, the survival ratio, economic benefits, immunohematology and bacterial flora in the intestine of whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei after 110 days. Nine earthen ponds (each one 1.2 hectare) were adjusted as three treatments including control (without adding bacteria), containing P. acidilactici probiotic (106 CFU/mL) and containing B. cereus probiotic (106 CFU/mL). The results showed that the adding B. cereus and P. acidilactici to the water pond positively decreased nitrate, ammonia and biochemical oxygen demand when compared with the control group (p < .05). Regarding growth performance, treating shrimp with B. cereus caused significantly higher weight gain (16.72 g) and survival ratio (94.50%) in comparison with control group (p < .05). Using these probiotics could increase shrimp production (27.30%, 18.42%) and net income (92.94%, 49.20%) as well. Respect to immunity, total hemocyte count (9.00), total protein (8.92 g/dl) and lysozyme activity (21.55 U/ml) in treated whiteleg shrimp with B. cereus were significantly higher than those untreated (p < .05). In conclusion, adding B. cereus (106 CFU/ml) to the earthen pond can be suggested in shrimp farm.
Abstract:The abundances and species compositions of chaetognaths were investigated on the northwestern coasts of the Persian Gulf in Khuzestan province (2004Khuzestan province ( -2005. Highest mean chaetognath abundance was observed during the summer (324.7Ϯ97.6 indiv. m Ϫ3 ), while lowest values occurred during the winter (79.3Ϯ18.6 indiv. m Ϫ3 ). Six species were identified, Sagitta bedfordi, S. enflata, S. ferox, S. hexaptera, S. neglecta and Krohnitta pacifica. Sagitta ferox was most abundant. It represented 49.7% of total chaetognath numbers. Abundance variation throughout the year cycle seemed to be related to environmental factors. The correlation coefficients between abundance of chaetognaths and the water temperature were significantly positive but there was no significant relation for abundance and salinity. However, salinity values in the Persian Gulf are very high compared with other regions and perhaps pelagic chaetognaths species that inhabit this region are adapted to very high salinities of up to 45.
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