Purpose:To present the functional and anatomic changes after intravitreal bevacizumab in eyes with macular edema (ME) due to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).Design:The study was a retrospective study.Materials and methods:The study included 31 patients with ME due to BRVO. We compared the examination findings of patients with ME before and after intravitreal bevacizumab therapy at 12 months. The study included patients who had macular edema secondary to BRVO treated with bevacizumab. The therapy was started in the first week after occlusion. The initial therapy was three intravitreal bevacizumab injections at monthly intervals with 1.25/0.05 mL bevacizumab. Patients with a baseline visual acuity less than 0.5 (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [logMAR] 0.30), central macular thickness (CMT) more than 290 μm, and no neovascularization were included. Patients with diabetes mellitus or a history of intravitreal triamcinolone or grid laser photocoagulation therapy or ischemic BRVO were excluded. The retreatment criteria were as follows: increased CMT more than 100 μm combined with a loss of visual acuity of five or more letters. The statistical analysis of this study was carried out by paired samples t-test (SPSS). A P value of less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results:This retrospective study included 33 eyes of 31 patients (20 women, 11 men; mean age was 55.30 ± 9.62 years (range 36–75 years). Patients received a mean of 5.3 injections during 12 months of follow-up. The best corrected visual acuity increased from 0.66 ± 0.20 (logMAR) at baseline to 0.22 ± 0.13 (logMAR) (t = 15.42; P < 0.001) at month 12. The CMT decreased from 494.15 ± 104.16 μm at baseline to 261.79 ± 45.36 μm at month 12 (− 232.36 ± 109.98 μm); P < 0.001). No bevacizumab-related systemic or ocular adverse effects following intravitreal drug injections were observed. The majority of patients required reinjection(s) treatment for ME (84.9%).Conclusion:Intravitreal therapy using bevacizumab appears to be an effective primary treatment option for ME due to BRVO. No serious ophthalmologic or systemic side effects were observed for intravitreal bevacizumab therapy. The main disadvantage of bevacizumab therapy is the requirement of multiple injections in order to maintain visual and anatomic improvements.

To compare the short-term effectiveness and ocular side-effects of fixed combinations of dorzolamide/timolol (DTFC) and brimonidine/timolol (BTFC) in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Forty-two eyes of 42 patients newly diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma were assessed prospectively. One of the two eyes was chosen randomly and treated with DTFC (2 × 1) for 4 weeks. The treatment was then stopped to allow a 4-week wash-out period. Following the wash-out period, the same eye was treated with BTFC (2 × 1) for 4 weeks. Intraocular pressure (IOP) values were measured before and after each treatment at 0800, 1,200 and 1,600 h. Tear function test results and ocular side-effects were also recorded. The mean baseline IOP values for DTFC and BTFC were 24.1 ± 1.8 and 24.6 ± 2.4 mmHg, respectively. The mean IOP values after 4 weeks of treatment with DTFC or BTFC were 17.1 ± 2.9 and 16.9 ± 2.5 mmHg, respectively. Both medications reduced IOP values significantly (P = 0.0000). The effectiveness of both medications was similar (P = 0.7363). Both combinations significantly reduced the amount of tear secretion and tear break-up time (P = 0.0000). Eye burning was more common with DTFC than with BTFC (P = 0.0182). Other adverse effects were observed at similar rates for both combinations. This study demonstrated that the IOP-reducing effects of DTFC and BTFC in patients with POAG are similar. The side-effect profile of BTFC is similar to that of DTFC. Lower occurrence of a burning sensation may improve patient compliance in the BTFC group.

Acute retrobulbar haemorrhage (ARBH) is a rare ophthalmic emergency observed following blunt eye trauma. Multiple trauma and loss of consciousness can hide symptoms of ARBH. Rapid diagnosis and immediate lateral canthotomy and cantholysis must be performed to prevent permanent visual loss in patients. Medical treatment can be added to surgical therapy. Lateral canthotomy and cantholysis are simple procedures that can be performed by emergency physicians. In this report, it was aimed to present a case with post-traumatic ARBH and provide general knowledge about the diagnosis, follow-up and treatment of ARBH.

Objectives:To investigate the correlation of visual field (VF), pattern electroretinography (PERG) and Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) results in patients with ocular hypertension (OHT) and early primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).Materials and Methods:The study included 72 eyes of 37 patients with early POAG, 76 eyes of 38 patients with OHT, and 60 eyes of 30 controls. All subjects underwent full ophthalmologic examination, VF assessment with 24-2 Humphrey standard automated perimetry (Swedish Interactive Thresholding Algorithm (SITA)-Standard), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness measurement with FD-OCT, and PERG P50 and N95 wave latency and amplitude measurements with electroretinography (Nihon Kohden).Results:With the exception of the nasal quadrant, all GCC parameters and RNFL results were significantly lower in the POAG group compared to the OHT and control groups. There was no statistically significant difference between the OHT and control group. PERG amplitudes were lower in the POAG and OHT groups than in the control group. Reduction in N95 amplitude was greater than that of P50 amplitude. No difference was detected in PERG latencies among groups. GCC was significantly correlated with VF and RNFL in the POAG group. Conclusion:Significant thinning of the GCC and RNFL occurs in addition to VF pathologies in patients with early POAG, and these examinations should be concomitantly evaluated. During diagnostic assessment of patients with early POAG, GCC and RNFL analysis by FD-OCT are highly effective. GCC is as reliable as RNLF in the early diagnosis of glaucoma and there is a highly significant correlation between them. Dysfunction of ganglion cells in patients with OHT may be detected earlier using PERG amplitude analysis.

Araştırmalar / Researches ÖZET Yüksek miyop hastalarda fakoemulsifikasyon ve intraokuler lens implantasyonun klinik sonuçları Amaç: Yüksek miyop hastalarda fakoemulsifikasyon ve intraokuler lens implantasyon cerrahisinin klinik sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu retrospektif çalışmaya katarakt nedeniyle fakoemulsifikasyon ve intraokuler lens implantasyonu cerrahisi uygulanan, aksiyel uzunluğu 26 mm'den fazla olan 35 hastanın 52 gözü dahil edildi. Katarakt ve yüksek miyopi dışında başka bir okuler patolojisi olan hastalar çalışma kapsamı dışında bırakıldı. Hastalara ait dosyalar taranarak, ameliyat öncesi ve sonrası en iyi düzeltilmiş görme keskinliği (EİDGK), refraksiyon kusurları ve komplikasyonlar kayıt edildi. Bulgular: Çalışmaya alınan hastaların ortalama yaşı 58.06±15.46 yıl (27-80 yıl) ve ortalama takip süresi 8.44±3.62 ay idi. Ortalama preoperatif miyopi-10.94±4.75 diyoptri (D), ortalama aksiyel uzunluğu 28.14±1.72 mm ve ortalama EİDGK 0.84±0.4 logMAR idi. İntraoperatif vitreus kaybı iki hastada (3.85%) saptandı ve bu hastalara, arka kamara lensi sulkusa implante edildi. Periferik retina dejenerasyonları saptanan 8 göze (15.4%) preoperatif profilaktik argon lazer uygulaması yapıldı. Ortalama postoperatif sferik değer-0.26±1.51 D ve ortalama EİDGK 0.24±0.24 logMAR idi. Miyopi değerinde istatistiksel anlamlı düşüş (Wilcoxon testi p<0.001) ve EİDGK değerinde istatistiksel anlamlı artış (Wilcoxon testi p<0.001) saptandı. Sonuç: Yüksek miyop hastalarda fakoemulsifikasyon cerrahisi anatomik ve fonksiyonel olarak başarılı sonuçları ile güvenli ve etkili bir yöntemdir. Detaylı retina muayenesi ve profilaktik uygulanan fotokoagulasyon işlemi retinal komplikasyonların oranının azaltılmasını sağlayabilir.