Facial proportion assessments in relation to the golden proportion showed that a statistically significant difference was observed between gender groups. Long facial morphology was observed more in males (51.4%); normal (41%) and short (39.3%) facial morphology were more common in females. The measurements and proportions for facial balance in our study population showed that the facial width and height proportions deviated from the golden proportion.

Previous studies reported that positive airway pressure (PAP) treatment may improve olfaction function in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) through various mechanisms. Olfactory function before and after PAP treatment is understudied regarding patient group at issue. The aim of this study is to investigate the contribution of PAP to olfactory function in patients with OSA. The study was conducted on 26 patients with OSA (10 females and 16 males, mean age 50.1 [9.3] years) who scheduled for PAP treatment. The Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center odor test was performed before and 4 months after PAP treatment. Patients were grouped (normal, anosmia, mild hyposmia, moderate hyposmia, and severe hyposmia) with respect to olfactory function by measuring odor test parameters, including threshold determination and identification. The odor test average scores of the patients after 4-month PAP treatment compared to pretreatment scores were increased and the difference was statistically significant ( P = .002). In the apnea hypopnea index groups, statistically significant difference was found in the threshold and discrimination values regarding before PAP treatment ( P = .038, P = .022, respectively). This study revealed that improvement in olfactory thresholds in patients with OSA receiving PAP treatment seems to improve olfactory dysfunction. This provides minimization of OSA consequences, including progressive upper airway inflammation, cognitive impairment, and associated olfactory dysfunction. Resolving the associations between olfactory function and PAP treatment is an important area for future research.

Objectives: Impairment in taste sensation is a rare complication of tonsillectomy. We aimed to reveal the effects of different tonsillectomy techniques on taste sensation by assessing the impairment in taste sensation in the early and late postoperative periods. Methods: In this prospective clinical study, fifty-seven (22 females, 35 males, mean age, 25 ± 9.8 years) patients who underwent tonsillectomy were included. All patients were operated on under general anesthesia, and a chemical stimulation taste test was performed one week prior to the surgery, at first week and first month postoperatively. Four basic taste sensations were assessed in the test (sweet, sour, salty, and bitter), and impairments in taste sensation in the early and late postoperative periods for each tonsillectomy technique were evaluated. Results: In the early postoperative period, there was a statistically significant increase bitter taste sensations in patients who underwent tonsillectomy (p = 0.020). In the late postoperative period, sour and bitter taste sensations were significantly increased in the patients (p = 0.001, p = 0.002 respectively). In contrast to the early postoperative period, total taste sensation was significantly increased in the late postoperative period (p = 0.034). Conclusions:The bitter sensation in the early postoperative period and the bitter and sour sensations in late postoperative period were found to be significantly increased in this present study. With regard to these results, a thorough preoperative explanation should be done.

Bilateral synchronous mucoepidermoid carcinoma of parotid gland Objective: Although mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of parotid, it is seen extremely rare in both of parotid glands synchronously. In this case report, we presented a case of 53-year-old man with bilateral synchronous mucoepidermoid carcinoma of parotid gland treated with surgery. Case: A painless mass in left parotid was the major complaint of the patient. The mass located in right parotid was found incidentally by imaging. Based on cytopathology, left total parotidectomy preserving facial nerve with ipsilateral neck dissection and 5 weeks later right superficial parotidectomy was performed. In 3-year follow-up, no recurrens in parotid regions and neck was detected. Conclusion: Detailed examination for parotid masses is suggested to identify possible occult synchronous tumors in contralateral side or in other salivary glands. A close follow-up is also recommended for the risk of future metachronous tumor occurrence.

M ucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of the parotid gland. [1, 2] It usually occurs as a unilateral lesion and accounts for 30% of malignant salivary gland tumors. [2] Bilateral mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid gland is rarely encountered and may occur synchronously or metachronously. [1, 3-6] In the present case, we report a patient with synchronous bilateral mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid gland.