The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and morphological characteristics of the frontal sinus in an adult population. This study was conducted retrospectively on paranasal CT scans in the axial and coronal planes of 300 cases (123 male and 177 female). The mean age was 40.74 +/- 13.34 (range 20-83). Measurements of the width, height and anteroposterior length for each sinus and total width were obtained from CT scans. Measurements were compared statistically with relation to side and sex. The cases were divided into subgroups according to age for each sex and each measurement parameter was also compared among the subgroups. All measurements tended to be larger on the left side and were significantly larger in males than females. There was a significant difference in the anteroposterior lengths of right and left sides in both males and females and height for males and width for females. In both sexes, the highest values of measurements were usually observed at the 31-40 age group and there was a tendency to decrease with aging. The larger diameters of the left frontal sinus imply that it may be more possibly violated during surgical interventions. Morphometric features differed significantly in the two sexes at different ages and comparison with previous studies presented great regional variability. The size of the frontal sinus was seen to be related to age and sex. The knowledge provided in the present study is useful for some surgical procedures and widens the anthropometric knowledge of humanity.

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Objectives:To define the dimensions of the frontal sinus in groups standardized for age and gender and to discuss the reasons and the effects of the variations.Methods:Frontal sinus measurements were obtained from paranasal CT scans of 180 males and 180 females in the Radiology Department of Dursun Odabas Medical Center of Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, which is located in Eastern Turkey, between February and March 2016. The width and height of sinuses were measured on a coronal plane, and the anteroposterior length was measured on an axial plane. Volumes were calculated using the Hospital Information Management Systems and Image Archiving and Management System program. The Statistical Package of the Social Science version 13 was used for statistical analyses.Results:We determined differences in the frontal sinus measurements of different age groups in a Turkish adult population. Frontal sinus dimensions were usually higher in females and lower in males after 40-49 years of age than their younger counterparts, but the measurements were lower in females and higher in males in 70≤ years of age group than 60-69 years of age. Left frontal sinus was dominant in young age groups but right frontal sinus was dominant in groups 40-49 years of age or older.Conclusion:We observed crossing of the measurements between the different age groups, which we could not find clear explanations. The results of such studies may affect forensic identification from frontal sinus measurements.

Suicide is a significant problem in the world. Sharing the information about the national suicide rates in the international scientific area is an important issue for not only the solution of the problem, but also improving the efforts for decreasing the suicidal deaths. We aimed to add the statistical information about the rates, the risk factors, and the methods of suicides in Turkey to the literature. The suicide rates in Turkey increased in the period between 1996 and 2005 years; it was 3.8 per 100,000 populations in 2005. The average ratio of male to female was 1.58/1 between 1996 and 2005 years. The suicidal deaths increased above the age of 75, especially in male population. In females, the most dangerous period was 15 to 24 age group. The major risk factor for suicides was found to be illness (29.6%) for both genders and especially for above middle ages. Hanging was the most preferred method for both genders and for most of the age groups in Turkey. Suicides increased in the spring and summer.

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the relationship between skull fractures and intracranial lesions following head injury. For this purpose, 500 cases, which were referred to the Third Committee of Council of Forensic Medicine in Istanbul due to traffic accidents by the courts of laws between 1998 and 2000, were examined retrospectively. They were categorized in 3 groups based on findings of their cranium x-rays and brain tomographies. 1- The cases who have fractures in skull bones with brain lesions 2- The cases who have fractures in skull bones with no brain lesions 3- The cases who have brain lesions with no skull fractures. They were examined in detail according to age, sex, localization of skull fractures and brain lesions, and if surgery was applied or not. Of the cases, 152 (30.4%) had only linear fractures, 69 (13.8%) had depressed fractures, 92 (18.4%) had linear fractures plus intracranial lesions, 49 (9.8%) had depressed fractures plus intracranial lesions and 138 (27.6%) had only intracranial lesions. The rate of intracranial lesion among the cases with the skull fracture was 38.9% (141/362), while the rate of skull fracture among the cases with the intracranial lesion was 50.3% (141/279) (P < 0.001). Male to female ratios were 2.4/1 for linear fractures, 5.2/1 for depressed fractures, and 3.5/1 for intracranial lesions. Linear fractures were more frequent among females whereas depressed fractures were often among males (chi2: 9.68, df: 4, p: 0.046). The mean age was 26.3. The rate of depressed fractures was higher the age groups of 0-30 years. (chi2: 16.28, df: 4, p: 0.003). Depressed fractures in the regions of frontal and parietal and, linear fracture in the regions of temporal and occipital were found at higher rates (P < 0.001). In conclusion, we reviewed skull fractures and/or intracranial lesions due to traffic accidents, and found depressed fractures to be more common among males whereas linear fractures to be more common among females and young males. In the male, the skull architecture is thicker and stronger than females and young males. We can state that presence of skull fractures lowers the incidence of intracranial lesions by lowering the intracranial pressure.

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